Marginal Reefs Under Stress: Physiological Limits Render Galápagos Corals Susceptible to Ocean Acidification and Thermal Stress

Thompson, D. M.; McCulloch, Malcolm T.; Cole, Julia E.; Reed, Emma V.; D’Olivo, Juan Pablo; Dyez, Kelsey A.; Löfverström, Marcus; Lough, Janice; Cantin, Neal E.; Tudhope, Alexander W.; Cheung, Anson H.; Vetter, L.; Edwards, R. Lawrence

doi:10.1029/2021av000509

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…In agreement with recent studies focused on Porites at a seasonal scale (Fig. S3 ; 20 , 22 ), our bulk 6 yr-integrated results show a strong negative relationship between pH cf and SST as well as a positive correlation between DIC cf and SST for both coral genera (Fig. 3 ).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…It is now recognized that the internal modulation of coral calcifying fluid is genus-specific (if not species-specific) 21 , 31 , 44 . Our study demonstrates that Porites colonies living across a wide range of environments across the Pacific Ocean can modulate their cf chemistry in response to prevalent regional temperature regimes to maintain calcification rates, as previously suggested 20 , 22 .…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 75%

“…This physiological mechanism has already been observed for Porites on a seasonal timescale in the Great Barrier Reef 20 (Fig. S3 ) and Galapagos 22 , as well as during the 1998 bleaching event and associated thermal stress 19 . Here, for the first time we demonstrate that this mechanism applies across a wide range of latitudes and longitudes.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 73%

“…Elevated Ca 2+ concentration (+ 25%) in cf was also inferred by DeCarlo et al 78 for Pocillopora damicornis using indirect methods (Raman spectroscopy and boron isotopes). However, as previously tested by Thompson et al 79 , this [Ca 2+ ] upregulation compared to seawater only affects the absolute magnitude of the aragonite saturation state in the cf, not the relative differences between colonies, sites, or time periods. Therefore, we consider that our main findings and conclusions on the aragonite saturation state are here independent of the Ca 2+ concentration and that further studies would be useful to better quantify the calcium concentration in the calcifying fluids of massive corals.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 65%

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Differences in carbonate chemistry up-regulation of long-lived reef-building corals

Canesi

Douville

Montagna

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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With climate projections questioning the future survival of stony corals and their dominance as tropical reef builders, it is critical to understand the adaptive capacity of corals to ongoing climate change. Biological mediation of the carbonate chemistry of the coral calcifying fluid is a fundamental component for assessing the response of corals to global threats. The Tara Pacific expedition (2016–2018) provided an opportunity to investigate calcification patterns in extant corals throughout the Pacific Ocean. Cores from colonies of the massive Porites and Diploastrea genera were collected from different environments to assess calcification parameters of long-lived reef-building corals. At the basin scale of the Pacific Ocean, we show that both genera systematically up-regulate their calcifying fluid pH and dissolved inorganic carbon to achieve efficient skeletal precipitation. However, while Porites corals increase the aragonite saturation state of the calcifying fluid (Ωcf) at higher temperatures to enhance their calcification capacity, Diploastrea show a steady homeostatic Ωcf across the Pacific temperature gradient. Thus, the extent to which Diploastrea responds to ocean warming and/or acidification is unclear, and it deserves further attention whether this is beneficial or detrimental to future survival of this coral genus.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 73%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 65%

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Differences in carbonate chemistry up-regulation of long-lived reef-building corals

Canesi

Douville

Montagna

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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“…Coral δ 18 O, Sr/Ca, and growth rate data generated in this study are archived at the NOAA NCDC World Data Center for Paleoclimatology (Patterson et al., 2023).…”

Section: Data Availability Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pacific‐Driven Salinity Variability in the Timor Passage Since 1777

Patterson,

Cole,

Dyez

et al. 2023

Paleoceanog and Paleoclimatol

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Salinity in the Indonesian seas integrates regional oceanographic and atmospheric processes, such as Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) and monsoon rainfall. Here we present a multicentury (1777–1983) δ18O coral record from Nightcliff Reef, located in the Timor Passage off the coast of northern Australia, which we use to infer local salinity change. We show that Australian monsoon rainfall and ITF influence salinity at the study site. These reconstructed salinity changes in the Timor Passage correlate with changes in Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) modes, including the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO). While environmental stress creates challenging conditions for coral growth, this record particularly tracks the central Pacific signature of ENSO‐driven interannual variability, in agreement with reconstructions of rainfall across northern Australia. The strength of interannual variance in the record follows fluctuations in other local ENSO‐sensitive rainfall reconstructions, demonstrating a strong regional ENSO signature. However, this regional pattern differs from variance in composite ENSO reconstructions, suggesting that the multi‐site nature of these reconstructions may create biases. Salinity variability on decadal and longer time scales occurs throughout the record. Some of these oscillations are consistent with other ITF‐sensitive coral records. Our new salinity record adds a strongly Pacific‐sensitive record to the existing suite of regional paleoclimate reconstructions. Relationships among these records highlight the complexity of salinity in the Indonesian seas and the controls on its variability.

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Coral growth persistence amidst bleaching events

Mantanona,

DeCarlo

2023

Limnol Oceanogr Letters

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As mass bleaching events decimate stony coral populations, production of calcium carbonate is diminished on reefs, dampening their capacity to keep pace with rising sea levels. However, perturbations to the calcification process of surviving wild corals during bleaching are poorly constrained, owing to the lack of suitable techniques to retroactively extract this information from coral skeletons at sufficient resolution. Here, we use novel Raman spectrometry techniques to test the biogeochemical response of long‐lived corals before, during, and after bleaching. Maintenance of high aragonite saturation state (ΩAr) in the coral calcifying fluid is key to driving rapid skeletal growth but would be expected to decrease when corals become energetically depleted without their symbionts. Contrary to this expectation, our results demonstrate that corals upregulate calcifying fluid ΩAr during bleaching and for at least 2 yr after recovery. This indicates that the calcification process of coral‐bleaching survivors is unexpectedly resilient.

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Marginal Reefs Under Stress: Physiological Limits Render Galápagos Corals Susceptible to Ocean Acidification and Thermal Stress

Cited by 12 publications

References 92 publications

Differences in carbonate chemistry up-regulation of long-lived reef-building corals

Differences in carbonate chemistry up-regulation of long-lived reef-building corals

Pacific‐Driven Salinity Variability in the Timor Passage Since 1777

Coral growth persistence amidst bleaching events

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