Marginally scientific? Genetic testing of children and adolescents for lifestyle and health promotion

Caulfield, Timothy; Borry, Pascal; Toews, Maeghan; Elger, Bernice Simone; Greely, Henry T.; McGuire, Amy

doi:10.1093/jlb/lsv038

Cited by 13 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…21 In addition, the heavily promotional language often associated with PM (such as the term "revolution") has been criticized for contributing to inaccurate public representations of science 22 and unrealistic public expectations, 23 as well as facilitating a market for unproven products and services. 24 Finally, some have suggested that an emphasis on PM may result in an inappropriate shift from public health initiatives to those focused on the individual. 5,25 Because a large body of research has detailed issues concerning the hype 26 and overly optimistic portrayals of biomedical research, 27 a primary analytical focus of this study was to assess the degree to which PM has been portrayed as beneficial in light of the concerns also being raised.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Representing a “revolution”: how the popular press has portrayed personalized medicine

Marcon

Bieber

Caulfield

2018

Genetics in Medicine

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Representing a “revolution”: how the popular press has portrayed personalized medicine

Marcon

Bieber

Caulfield

2018

Genetics in Medicine

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“…In 2007, the first single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) mapped to the fat mass and obesity-associated ( FTO ) gene region were found to be associated with body mass index (BMI) [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ]. Subsequent identification of other SNPs has accelerated the characterization of the effects of different variant combinations on obesity phenotype, as well as their interactions with environmental factors, such as dietary habits, lifestyle, and physical activity [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ]. In addition, the market for the direct-to-consumer (DTC) genomic testing has emerged [ 17 , 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Genetic Variants on the Individual Potential for Body Fat Loss

et al. 2018

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The past decade has witnessed the discovery of obesity-related genetic variants and their functions through genome-wide association studies. Combinations of risk alleles can influence obesity phenotypes with different degrees of effectiveness across various individuals by interacting with environmental factors. We examined the interaction between genetic variation and changes in dietary habits or exercise that influences body fat loss from a large Korean cohort (n = 8840). Out of 673 obesity-related SNPs, a total of 100 SNPs (37 for carbohydrate intake; 19 for fat intake; 44 for total calories intake; 25 for exercise onset) identified to have gene-environment interaction effect in generalized linear model were used to calculate genetic risk scores (GRS). Based on the GRS distribution, we divided the population into four levels, namely, “very insensitive”, “insensitive”, “sensitive”, and “very sensitive” for each of the four categories, “carbohydrate intake”, “fat intake”, “total calories intake”, and “exercise”. Overall, the mean body fat loss became larger when the sensitivity level was increased. In conclusion, genetic variants influence the effectiveness of dietary regimes for body fat loss. Based on our findings, we suggest a platform for personalized body fat management by providing the most suitable and effective nutrition or activity plan specific to an individual.

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“…Some have argued that “the embedding of genetic testing in a healthcare setting can ensure a context where due emphasis is being provided on the individualized medical supervision of patients, the presence of pre-test and post-test counseling, psychological evaluation and follow-up if appropriate and quality assurance of the tests performed” (Ayme et al 2013 ). However, there are discussions regarding whether this should also apply to categories of tests that are labeled as “informational” or “recreational” or that do not offer any assessment of disease risk (Caulfield et al 2015 ). Second, legislators can also impact the extent to which genetic tests are occurring within the scope of the healthcare system.…”

Section: Industry Governments and Citizensmentioning

confidence: 99%

The challenges of the expanded availability of genomic information: an agenda-setting paper

et al. 2017

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Rapid advances in microarray and sequencing technologies are making genotyping and genome sequencing more affordable and readily available. There is an expectation that genomic sequencing technologies improve personalized diagnosis and personalized drug therapy. Concurrently, provision of direct-to-consumer genetic testing by commercial providers has enabled individuals’ direct access to their genomic data. The expanded availability of genomic data is perceived as influencing the relationship between the various parties involved including healthcare professionals, researchers, patients, individuals, families, industry, and government. This results in a need to revisit their roles and responsibilities. In a 1-day agenda-setting meeting organized by the COST Action IS1303 “Citizen’s Health through public-private Initiatives: Public health, Market and Ethical perspectives,” participants discussed the main challenges associated with the expanded availability of genomic information, with a specific focus on public-private partnerships, and provided an outline from which to discuss in detail the identified challenges. This paper summarizes the points raised at this meeting in five main parts and highlights the key cross-cutting themes. In light of the increasing availability of genomic information, it is expected that this paper will provide timely direction for future research and policy making in this area.

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Marginally scientific? Genetic testing of children and adolescents for lifestyle and health promotion

Cited by 13 publications

References 0 publications

Representing a “revolution”: how the popular press has portrayed personalized medicine

Representing a “revolution”: how the popular press has portrayed personalized medicine

Impact of Genetic Variants on the Individual Potential for Body Fat Loss

The challenges of the expanded availability of genomic information: an agenda-setting paper

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