Margules's tendency equation and Richardson's forecast

Lynch, Peter

doi:10.1256/wea.146.02

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 7 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…We leave variable density and orography for later discussion. As noted by Margules in 1904 (Lynch 2003), vertical wind derived from the continuity equation is very error prone at large scales (Holton 2012). The Helmholtz decomposition (Wippermann 1957;Lorenz 1960;Koshyk and Hamilton 2001) is therefore essential for this approach.…”

Section: The Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

The Horizontal Spectrum of Vertical Velocities near the Tropopause from Global to Gravity Wave Scales

Schumann

2019

Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Vertical motions are fundamental for atmospheric dynamics. Compared to horizontal motions, the horizontal spectrum of vertical velocity w is less well known. Here, w spectra are related to spectra of horizontal motions in the free atmosphere near the tropopause from global to gravity wave scales. At large scales, w is related to vertically averaged horizontal divergent motions by continuity. At small scales, the velocity energy spectra reach anisotropy as in stably stratified turbulence. Combining these limits approximates the w spectrum from global to small scales. The w spectrum is flat at large scales when the divergent spectrum shows a −2 slope, reaches a maximum at mesoscales after transition to −5/3 slopes, and then approaches a fraction of horizontal kinetic energy. The ratio of vertical kinetic energy to potential energy increases quadratically with wavenumber at large scales. It exceeds unity at small scales in stratified turbulence. Global and regional simulations and two recent aircraft measurement field campaigns support these relationships within 30% deviations. Energy exchange between horizontal and vertical motions may contribute to slope changes in the spectra. The model allows for checking measurement validity. Isotropy at large and small scales varies between the datasets. The fraction of divergent energy is 40%–70% in the measurements, with higher values in the stratosphere. Spectra above the tropopause are often steeper over mountains than over oceans, partly with two −5/3 subranges. A total of 80% of w variance near the tropopause occurs at scales between about 0.5 and 80 km.

show abstract

Section: The Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

The Horizontal Spectrum of Vertical Velocities near the Tropopause from Global to Gravity Wave Scales

Schumann

2019

Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…where U s (T ) = e 0.0666T −23.96 (14) is the humidity of saturation, a function of the air temperature T whose values are the maximal amount of kg of water vapour that a kg of dry air can contain. This function has been obtained fitting well known values, its graph is represented in Figure 3.5.…”

Section: Evaporationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Meteorology is in fact driven by such energy, and its main macroscopic indicator, the temperature, depends on the thermal inertia of the materials being irradiated and on the heat exchange among the different materials composing the surface of the planet. Relying on these ingredients, early meteorologists considered weather forecasting impossible [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A theoretical model for realistic local climates

Di Bona,

Giacobbe

2019

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We write a nonlinear model that predicts the climate (temperature and humidity) on the surface of a small region on Earth, perform numerical investigations using the model, and compare the results to real climate on a variety of regions on Earth. It the parameters are chosen keeping into consideration the climatic Köppen zone to which the region belongs, the numerical model accurately reproduces the real climate. The model takes into account the doubly-periodic forcing of the solar radiation (annual and daily), the laws of irradiance, the fact that the Earth has land and oceans with different thermic inertia, and the humidity of the air due to evaporation. This enables us to reproduce remarkable features of Earth's climate such as lag of seasons, lag of noons, and asymmetric evolution of daily temperatures. The model can easily be adapted to planets with non-terrestrial astronomic parameters. We conclude this article with an investigation of an Earth with eccentricity higher than real.

show abstract

“…One problem with weather-forecasting computer models is that they do not explicitly take inertia-gravity waves into account, for reasons discussed by Lynch (2003). They are only represented implicitly, by using a parametrization of their expected effects on the flow.…”

Section: Storm In a Teacupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Storm in a teacup

Williams

2004

Weather

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Margules's tendency equation and Richardson's forecast

Cited by 7 publications

References 7 publications

The Horizontal Spectrum of Vertical Velocities near the Tropopause from Global to Gravity Wave Scales

The Horizontal Spectrum of Vertical Velocities near the Tropopause from Global to Gravity Wave Scales

A theoretical model for realistic local climates

Storm in a teacup

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About