Marijuana and Amphetamine: The Question of Interaction

Zalcman, Steven; Liskow, Barry; Cadoret, Remi J.; Goodwin, Donald W.

doi:10.1176/ajp.130.6.707

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Previous investigation of the psychologic and physiologic effects of dextroamphetamine and marihuana with testing 1 V2 hr later revealed only the activity of each drug. 22 The results 0; our study indicate that when marihuana and dextroamphetamine are given together the resultant effects cannot be distinguished from the simple addition of the effects of each component alone.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Effects of marihuana‐dextroamphetamine combination

Evans

Martz

Rodda

et al. 1976

Clin Pharma and Therapeutics

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Under a double blind, randomized, complete block design, subjects were given either placebo and 10 mg/70 kg dextroamphetamine sulfate (A) orally followed 1 1/2 hr later by a marihuana cigarette (M) prepared to deliver 50 mug/kg delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Statistical analyses suggested that heart rate and blood pressure increased in an additive manner when both drugs were given. Electrocardiogram changes, when present, were nonspecific in character and appeared to be associated with marihuana. In a second study, psychomotor performance was evaluated by a similar design using doses of 10 mg/70 kg of A and M prepared to deliver 25 mug/kg THC. Impairment was related to smoking of M, and no difference could be distinguished between M alone and M-A combination. Subjective evaluation, as measured by the modified Cornell Medical Index (CMI) demonstrated only additive effects for the combination.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Effects of marihuana‐dextroamphetamine combination

Evans

Martz

Rodda

et al. 1976

Clin Pharma and Therapeutics

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“…When cannabinoids and dopaminergic ligands share effects, their combined effects are generally additive. Marijuana, cocaine, and amphetamine shared some physiological and behavioral effects in humans and, when combined, marijuana had additive effects with cocaine and amphetamine (Zalcman et al 1973; Evans et al 1976; Foltin et al 1987; 1993). Additivity in rats was reported for the effects of Δ 9 -THC and amphetamine on ingestive behavior and body weight (Hattendorf et al 1977), for the effects of dopamine receptor agonists and a cannabinoid antagonist (rimonabant) on motor activity (Compton et al 1996; Giuffrida et al 1999; Masserano et al 1999), and for the cataleptic effects of a cannabinoid agonist and dopamine antagonist (Anderson et al 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions between dopamine transporter and cannabinoid receptor ligands in rhesus monkeys

2012

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Rationale Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) modifies dopamine efflux. However, the extent to which cannabinoid and dopamine drugs modify each other’s behavioral effects has not been fully established. Objectives This study examined dopamine releasers and/or transport inhibitors alone and in combination with cannabinoids in two drug discrimination assays. Methods Experimentally and pharmacologically experienced rhesus monkeys (n=5) discriminated Δ9-THC (0.1 mg/kg i.v.) from vehicle while responding under a fixed ratio 5 schedule of stimulus-shock termination. A separate group (n=6) of monkeys responded under the same schedule, received daily Δ9-THC (1 mg/kg/12 h s.c.), and discriminated the cannabinoid antagonist rimonabant (1 mg/kg i.v.), i.e. cannabinoid withdrawal, from vehicle. A sign of withdrawal sign (head shaking) was examined in monkeys receiving Δ9-THC daily. Results Rimonabant antagonized the Δ9-THC discriminative stimulus and a dose of Δ9-THC greater than the daily treatment attenuated the rimonabant discriminative stimulus. In monkeys discriminating Δ9-THC, the dopamine transporter ligands cocaine, amphetamine, bupropion, RTI 113, and RTI 177 produced a maximum of 2% responding on the drug lever and blocked the discriminative stimulus effects of Δ9-THC. In Δ9-THC treated monkeys discriminating rimonabant, the dopamine transporter ligands partially substituted for and increased the potency of rimonabant to produce discriminative stimulus effects. The dopamine antagonist haloperidol enhanced the Δ9-THC discriminative stimulus without significantly modifying the rimonabant discriminative stimulus. Imipramine and desipramine, which have low affinity for dopamine transporters, were less effective in modifying either the Δ9-THC or rimonabant discriminations. The dopamine transporter ligands and haloperidol attenuated head shaking, whereas imipramine and desipramine did not. Conclusions Dopamine release and/or inhibition of dopamine transport blocks detection of Δ9-THC and is potentially the mechanism by which some therapeutics (e.g. bupropion) reduce the subjective effects of marijuana and enhance the subjective effects of marijuana withdrawal.

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Physiological and Pharmacological Interactions of Marihuana (THC) with Drugs and Anesthetics

Sutin¹,

Nahas²

1999

Marihuana and Medicine

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Marijuana and Amphetamine: The Question of Interaction

Cited by 8 publications

References 5 publications

Effects of marihuana‐dextroamphetamine combination

Effects of marihuana‐dextroamphetamine combination

Interactions between dopamine transporter and cannabinoid receptor ligands in rhesus monkeys

Physiological and Pharmacological Interactions of Marihuana (THC) with Drugs and Anesthetics

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