Marijuana use in children: An update focusing on pediatric tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol use

Stoner, Michael J.; Dietrich, Ann; Lam, Samuel H.F.; Wall, Jessica; Sulton, Carmen; Rose, Emily

doi:10.1002/emp2.12770

JACEP Open

2022

DOI: 10.1002/emp2.12770

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Marijuana use in children: An update focusing on pediatric tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol use

Michael J. Stoner

Ann Dietrich

Samuel H.F. Lam

et al.

Abstract: Cannabis is the most used recreational drug in the United States, and its use is increasing among children and adolescents. With the increase in legalized use, there have been increases in intentional and accidental cannabis exposure in the pediatric population. There is also minimized perceived risk. We review the current use of cannabis and its derivatives, the drug effects and clinical presentation, common misconceptions, pharmacology, and epidemiology. Finally, we review some long‐term consequences of ca… Show more

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2024

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Cited by 5 publications

References 63 publications

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Effectiveness of cannabis use and cannabis use disorder interventions: a European and international data synthesis

Connor,

Manthey,

Hall

et al. 2024

Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci

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This data synthesis examined the effectiveness of behavioural and pharmacological approaches for cannabis treatment. We integrated findings from high level evidence studies and prioritised data from Europe when available. The synthesis found that only a relatively small number of published behavioural and pharmacological studies on cannabis interventions have been conducted in Europe. Applying both European and non-European data, it was found that Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and/or Motivational Enhancement Therapy (MET) improved short-term outcomes in the frequency of cannabis use and dependency severity, although abstinence outcomes were less consistent. These improvements were typically not maintained nine months after treatment. CBT and MET (or combined CBT + MET) treatments that extend beyond four sessions were more effective than fewer sessions over a shorter duration. Combining CBT or MET (or combined CBT + MET) with adjunctive Contingency Management (CM) improved therapeutic outcomes. No pharmacotherapies have been approved for the management of cannabis use, cannabis use disorders or cannabis withdrawal. Despite only weak evidence to support the use of pharmacological agents, some are used ‘off-label’ to manage withdrawal symptoms outside clinical trials.

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Effectiveness of cannabis use and cannabis use disorder interventions: a European and international data synthesis

Connor,

Manthey,

Hall

et al. 2024

Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Cannabinoids as alleviating treatment for core symptoms of autism spectrum disorder in children and adolescents: a systematic review

Ibsen,

Thomsen

2024

Nordic Journal of Psychiatry

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Sociodemographic profile and clinical presentation of young children unintentionally exposed to marijuana: A single site retrospective cohort

Elliott,

Fonseca,

Dereci

et al. 2024

American J Addict

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Background and ObjectivesLegalization of medical marijuana has increased unintentional exposure to marijuana in young children.We aim to explore the sociodemographic disadvantage profile, prevalence, and clinical presentation of children diagnosed with unintentional exposure to marijuana.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective chart abstraction of 121 children (aged 0–6) seen at the Emergency Department (ED) at a single tertiary hospital center in Dayton, Ohio between January 01, 2010 and January 09, 2022.ResultsMajority were female (62.8%), white (50.4%), and with Medicaid as their primary insurance (84.3%). The median age at exposure was 1.8 years. There was a 14‐fold increase in unintentional marijuana cases pre‐2017 (7 cases) versus post‐2017 (114 cases), the year of legalization of medical marijuana in the state of Ohio. Majority of the patients were using public assistance (66.4%). 26.7% of the cases had a prior social work consultation and 38.1% had a prior children services consultation. 51.3% of the children had a social disadvantage index score of 3 or greater (range 0–5) with higher scores indicating greater disadvantage.Discussion and ConclusionsThe number of patients presenting to the ED at the hospital has increased 14‐fold since the legalization of medical marijuana in Ohio. Half of the children displayed a higher sociodemographic disadvantage index score.Scientific SignificanceOur study is the first study investigating the sociodemographic profile of children exposed to marijuana. The findings of this study may be utilized to inform policy for safely dispensing recreational and medicinal marijuana products and focus the efforts on families with sociodemographic disadvantage.

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Marijuana use in children: An update focusing on pediatric tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol use

Cited by 5 publications

References 63 publications

Effectiveness of cannabis use and cannabis use disorder interventions: a European and international data synthesis

Effectiveness of cannabis use and cannabis use disorder interventions: a European and international data synthesis

Cannabinoids as alleviating treatment for core symptoms of autism spectrum disorder in children and adolescents: a systematic review

Sociodemographic profile and clinical presentation of young children unintentionally exposed to marijuana: A single site retrospective cohort

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