Marijuana use in opioid exposed pregnancy increases risk of preterm birth

Shah, Darshan; Turner, Emmitt; Chroust, Alyson; Duvall, Kathryn L.; Wood, David L.; Bailey, Beth A.

doi:10.1080/14767058.2021.1980532

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…A retrospective chart review of all births at six hospitals in South-Central Appalachia found opioid use during 2,368 singleton pregnancies, with 108 of those mothers also testing positive for marijuana at delivery. 29 Controlling for parity, tobacco and benzodiazepine use, and marital status, the study found increased odds of preterm birth and low birth weight. A larger multicenter study may be needed to determine how the expanded legalization of marijuana in the United States interacts with opioid use during pregnancy and their effects on newborns.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

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Medical Marijuana Legalization in Oklahoma: Effects on Neonatal Exposure to Opiates

et al. 2022

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Background: The US opioid epidemic has been characterized by increases in opioid misuse, overdose deaths, and neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome. Research suggests that marijuana legalization has contributed to decreased use of opiates, although many studies had methodological weaknesses and failed to address the pregnant population. Implementation of medical cannabis laws has the potential to reduce maternal opioid use and, therefore, neonatal exposure to the drugs. Objective: To examine the association between Oklahoma’s implementation of state medical marijuana laws and the neonatal exposure to opioids. Methods: Electronic medical records at two sites (Oklahoma City and Lawton) were searched for results of cord, urine and meconium screens to detect amphetamines, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, cocaine, ethanol, opiates, phencyclidine, and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Two study periods were compared: 19 months before Oklahoma’s medical marijuana law took effect and 19 months after legalization began. Results: A total of 16,804 babies were born alive at the two sites during the study period. The rate of positive THC tests per 1000 liveborn infants significantly increased from 16.2 per 1000 during the pre-law period to 22.2 per 1000 during the post-law period, p = 0.004. Neonatal opioid exposure incidence showed a non-significant decrease from 7.6 positive tests per 1000 liveborn infants to 6.8 per 1000 from pre-law to post-law period, p = 0.542. The number of positive tests for THC and concomitant use of opioids doubled from the pre-law period (n = 4) to post-law (n = 9), but there were too few cases for statistical significance. Infants at the more rural site had significantly higher rates for amphetamines, benzodiazepines, and THC, with a trend toward higher rates for opiates. Conclusion: Marijuana legalization was related to significant increases in positive test rates for THC, but no significant change/association was noted for neonatal exposure to opioids.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…If this limited finding hints of a trend, the effects on neonates would be concerning. A retrospective chart review of all births at six hospitals in South-Central Appalachia found opioid use during 2368 singleton pregnancies, with 108 of those mothers also testing positive for marijuana at delivery [30].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Medical Marijuana Legalization in Oklahoma: Effects on Neonatal Exposure to Opiates

et al. 2022

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“…Of these, 432 were excluded for the following reasons: commentaries or reviews ( n = 71); neurodevelopment, cognitive, or behavioral outcomes ( n = 72); other unrelated health outcomes ( n = 86); studies of hemp oil, synthetic or endogenous cannabinoids, or the endocannabinoid system ( n = 36); polysubstance use or drugs other than cannabis ( n = 24); characteristics or reasons for cannabis use ( n = 43); prevalence studies ( n = 18); biomarker studies ( n = 16); cessation or prevention studies ( n = 9); health policy analyses ( n = 3); effects of pre-conception cannabis use ( n = 3); abstracts or reports presenting insufficient data ( n = 2); and papers focused entirely on unrelated exposures and outcomes ( n = 50). Thus, 47 epidemiologic studies [ 3 , 4 , 14 – 18 , 19 ••, 20 – 28 , 29 •, 30 – 33 , 34 ••, 35 – 58 ] and 12 animal models [ 59 , 60 ••, 61 , 62 , 63 ••, 64 , 65 ••, 66 •, 67 – 70 ] presenting original data met the inclusion criteria for this review.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Table 1 summarizes the 47 human epidemiologic studies [ 3 , 4 , 14 – 18 , 19 ••, 20 – 28 , 29 •, 30 – 33 , 34 ••, 35 – 58 ]. The most common study design was a retrospective medical record review, followed by a prospective cohort study.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal Exposure to Cannabis: Effects on Childhood Obesity and Cardiometabolic Health

Moore

2024

Curr Obes Rep

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Purpose of Review To consolidate information on the obesogenic and cardiometabolic effects of prenatal exposure to cannabis. Recent Findings A PubMed search strategy updated from January 1, 2014, through 14 June 2023, produced a total of 47 epidemiologic studies and 12 animal studies. Prenatal exposure to cannabis is consistently associated with small for gestational age and low birth weight. After birth, these offspring gain weight rapidly and have increased adiposity and higher glucose (fat mass percentage) in childhood. More preclinical and prospective studies are needed to deepen our understanding of whether these associations vary by sex, dose, timing, and composition of cannabis (e.g., ratio of delta-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol [Δ9-THC] to cannabidiol [CBD]). Addressing these gaps may help to solidify causality and identify intervention strategies. Summary Based on the available data, clinicians and public health officials should continue to caution against cannabis use during pregnancy to limit its potential obesogenic and adverse cardiometabolic effects on the offspring.

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Behavioral consequences of pre/peri-natal Cannabis exposure

Manduca

Trezza

2022

Cannabis and the Developing Brain

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Marijuana use in opioid exposed pregnancy increases risk of preterm birth

Cited by 5 publications

References 32 publications

Medical Marijuana Legalization in Oklahoma: Effects on Neonatal Exposure to Opiates

Medical Marijuana Legalization in Oklahoma: Effects on Neonatal Exposure to Opiates

Prenatal Exposure to Cannabis: Effects on Childhood Obesity and Cardiometabolic Health

Behavioral consequences of pre/peri-natal Cannabis exposure

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