Marine and Freshwater Cyanophages in a Laurentian Great Lake: Evidence from Infectivity Assays and Molecular Analyses of g20 Genes

Wilhelm, Steven W.; Carberry, Matthew J.; Eldridge, Melanie L.; Poorvin, Leo; Saxton, Matthew; Doblin, Martina A.

doi:10.1128/aem.00349-06

Cited by 82 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Although several studies of conserved phage structural genes have clearly demonstrated that molecular approaches can be used to infer the community richness of viruses that infect freshwater algae (e.g. Wang & Chen 2004, Short & Suttle 2005, Wilhelm et al 2006, ours is the first report of genetic richness of freshwater viruses that infect eukaryotic algae.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity of algal viruses in various North American freshwater environments

Short¹,

Short²

2008

Aquat. Microb. Ecol.

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To examine algal virus (Phycodnaviridae) genetic diversity in freshwater environments, gene fragments were cloned and sequenced from a river and a reservoir in Colorado, USA, and 2 different lakes in Ontario, Canada using PCR methods that target a diverse subset of known Phycodnaviridae DNA polymerase genes. Numerous phycodnavirus gene sequences were obtained from every sample, and rarefaction analysis of the sequence libraries demonstrated that virus richness was variable among different sample locations, and among samples collected from the same location at different times. Phylogenetic analysis of the unique sequences from each sample indicated that most sequences from the same geographic region (i.e. Colorado or Ontario) clustered together, but several exceptions were also observed. Phylogenetic analysis also demonstrated that the sequences obtained were more closely related to sequences from cultivated marine phycodnaviruses belonging to the genus Prasinovirus than to those from cultivated freshwater phycodnaviruses from the genus Chlorovirus. Overall, phycodnavirus sequences originating from cultivated marine viruses and marine clone libraries were not genetically distinct from the freshwater phycodnavirus sequences reported in this study.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity of algal viruses in various North American freshwater environments

Short¹,

Short²

2008

Aquat. Microb. Ecol.

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“…Typically, cyanomyoviruses are able to cross-infect a broad range of hosts, whereas cyanopodoviruses and cyanosiphoviruses are more host specific (Sullivan et al, 2003;Weigele et al, 2007;Wang and Chen, 2008). The genetic diversity of cyanomyoviruses in various aquatic environments has been explored extensively based on their conserved capsid gene (g20) (Fuller et al, 1998;Zhong et al, 2002;Wang and Chen, 2004;Filee et al, 2005;Short and Suttle, 2005;Wilhelm et al, 2006;Sullivan et al, 2008). In contrast, little is known about the diversity of cyanopodoviruses and cyanosiphoviruses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nearly 20 years ago, Proctor and Fuhrman (1990) reported that 1-3% of the cyanobacteria from diverse marine locations contained mature viral particles. Since then, viruses have been isolated using different groups of marine and freshwater picocyanobacteria, including Synechococcus and Prochlorococcus strains (Suttle and Chan, 1993;Waterbury and Valois, 1993;Wilson et al, 1993;Suttle, 2000;Lu et al, 2001;Sullivan et al, 2003;Sullivan et al, 2005;Wilhelm et al, 2006;Pope et al, 2007;Wang and Chen, 2008). It has been estimated that cyanophages may be responsible for approximately 5-14% of cyanobacterial mortality on a daily basis (Suttle and Chan, 1994;Binder 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ubiquitous cyanobacterial podoviruses in the global oceans unveiled through viral DNA polymerase gene sequences

et al. 2010

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As a major cyanophage group, cyanobacterial podoviruses are important in regulating the biomass and population structure of picocyanobacteria in the ocean. However, little is known about their biogeography in the open ocean. This study represents the first survey of the biodiversity of cyanopodoviruses in the global oceans based on the viral encoded DNA polymerase (pol) gene. A total of 303 DNA pol sequences were amplified by PCR from 10 virus communities collected in the Atlantic and Pacific oceans and the South China Sea. At least five subclusters of cyanopodoviruses were identified in these samples, and one subcluster (subcluster VIII) was found in all sampling sites and comprised approximately 50% of total sequences. The diversity index based on the DNA pol gene sequences recovered through PCR suggests that cyanopodoviruses are less diverse in these oceanic samples than in a previously studied estuarine environment. Although diverse podoviruses were present in the global ocean, each sample was dominated by one major group of cyanopodoviruses. No clear biogeographic patterns were observed using statistical analysis. A metagenomic analysis based on the Global Ocean Sampling database indicates that other types of cyanopodovirus-like DNA pol sequences were present in the global ocean. Together, our study results suggest that cyanopodoviruses are widely distributed in the ocean but their community composition varies with local environments.

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“…The diversity of these myoviruses has been studied in some detail using PCR primers specific for the major capsid protein g20 (Fuller et al, 1998;Wilson et al, 1999;Zhong et al, 2002;Sandaa and Larsen, 2006;Sullivan et al, 2006Sullivan et al, , 2008Wilhelm et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The diversity of cyanomyovirus populations along a North–South Atlantic Ocean transect

et al. 2011

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Viruses that infect the marine cyanobacterium Prochlorococcus have the potential to impact the growth, productivity, diversity and abundance of their hosts. In this study, changes in the microdiversity of cyanomyoviruses were investigated in 10 environmental samples taken along a North-South Atlantic Ocean transect using a myoviral-specific PCR-sequencing approach. Phylogenetic analyses of 630 viral g20 clones from this study, with 786 published g20 sequences, revealed that myoviral populations in the Atlantic Ocean had higher diversity than previously reported, with several novel putative g20 clades. Some of these clades were detected throughout the Atlantic Ocean. Multivariate statistical analyses did not reveal any significant correlations between myoviral diversity and environmental parameters, although myoviral diversity appeared to be lowest in samples collected from the north and south of the transect where Prochlorococcus diversity was also lowest. The results were correlated to the abundance and diversity of the co-occurring Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus populations, but revealed no significant correlations to either of the two potential host genera. This study provides evidence that cyanophages have extremely high and variable diversity and are distributed over large areas of the Atlantic Ocean.

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Marine and Freshwater Cyanophages in a Laurentian Great Lake: Evidence from Infectivity Assays and Molecular Analyses of g20 Genes

Cited by 82 publications

References 49 publications

Diversity of algal viruses in various North American freshwater environments

Diversity of algal viruses in various North American freshwater environments

Ubiquitous cyanobacterial podoviruses in the global oceans unveiled through viral DNA polymerase gene sequences

The diversity of cyanomyovirus populations along a North–South Atlantic Ocean transect

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