Marine-Based Toxins and Their Health Risk

Özoğul, Fatih; Hamed, Imen

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-811442-1.00003-1

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 164 publications

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“…Oxidative stress and cell damage may result from increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation that exceeds antioxidant defense and repair capabilities (Zegura et al, 2003, Abd andGathwan, 2022). According to Özogul and Hamed (2018), anatoxin and tetrodotoxin are both Marian toxins with similar clinical symptoms, which means that the histopathological alterations caused by anatoxin are the same as those caused by tetrodotoxin. In the testes of mice, anatoxin caused dose-dependent histopathological changes that included seminiferous tubule degenerations, spermatogenetic cell line intercellular disassociation, germ cell sloughing into the tubular lumen, vacuolization in Sertoli cells, and germ cell loss (Yavasoglu et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Pathological Effects After Repeated Exposure to Tetrodotoxin in Reproductive System of Albino Male Rats

Humadai,

AL-Kaisei

2024

AAVS

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The high light of this study was tetrodotoxin has a harmful toxic effect on rats that reflected on oxidative stress and increase IL1 and TNF alpha expression also induce hypospermatogenisis in testes and sperm stasis in epididymis. So, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the toxic effect of tetrodotoxin on the histological structure of male reproductive system and oxidative stress induction in male albino rats. The methods included sixty male albino rats at age 8-9 weeks and weighted 190-200 gm were divided into three groups: The first group: Consisted of 20 rats control were given distilled water and normal rat pellet, the second group: Consisted of 20 rats injected weekly 0.5µg /kg. b.w. by I/P route which represented 1/20 LD 50 of tetrodotoxin, the third group: It also consisted of 20 rats injected weekly 1 µg /kg. b.w. by I/P route which represented 1/10 LD 50 of tetrodotoxin. At the end of experiment (90 days) all animals were scarified for study the biochemical, histopathological investigations and Immunohistochemistry study. The results of this study showed oxidative stress elevation in Malon Di-Aldehyde concentration in testes, epididymis tissue treated with tetrodotoxin. The pathological lesion in testes of animals exposed to toxic dose of tetrodotoxin was characterized by obvious disruption of seminiferous tubules with absence of leydig cells and congestion, in epididymis tissue the most histopathological section showed widening of intertubular distance with evidence of sperm stasis, focal hyperplasia of epididymal lining with blood vessels congestion and sever mononuclear cells infiltration in the vascular connective tissue, fibrovascular tissue with newly form capillaries between epididymal tubules. The Immunohistochemistry study revealed an increase in the scoring of interleukin1 (IL1) expression in testes and epididymisthat showed the highest score (3), whereas the tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF α) expression showed highest score (4) in the testes and epididymis tissue. The conclusion of the recent investigation found that tetrodotoxin has a harmful toxic effect on rats that indicated the effects of oxidative stress and increase interleukin1 (IL 1) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF α) expression also induce hypospermatogenisis in testes and sperm stasis in epididymis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Pathological Effects After Repeated Exposure to Tetrodotoxin in Reproductive System of Albino Male Rats

Humadai,

AL-Kaisei

2024

AAVS

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“…However, bivalves filter large volumes of water and can concentrate contaminants including bacterial pathogens and phycotoxins [ 2 ]. With over 66 million tonnes of shellfish now consumed by humans annually, the risk of poisoning through contaminated seafood is an increasing public health concern [ 3 , 4 ]. With regards to phycotoxins (biotoxins produced by microalgae), the risk of poisoning increases exponentially during harmful algal blooms (HABs), when microalgal populations form dense concentrations of cells and sometimes visible water discolouration [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Microencapsulation Method for Delivering Tetrodotoxin to Bivalves to Investigate Uptake and Accumulation

et al. 2021

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Most marine biotoxins are produced by microalgae. The neurotoxin tetrodotoxin (TTX) has been reported in many seafood species worldwide but its source is unknown, making accumulation and depuration studies in shellfish difficult. Tetrodotoxin is a water-soluble toxin and cannot be directly ingested by shellfish. In the present study, a method was developed which involved binding TTX to solid particles of humic acid and encapsulating them in agar-gelatin capsules. A controlled quantity of TTX-containing microcapsules (size range 20–280 μm) was fed to Paphies australis, a bivalve known to accumulate TTX in the wild. The TTX-containing microcapsules were fed to P. australis every second day for 13 days. Ten P. australis (including five controls fed non-toxic microalgae) were harvested after 7 days and ten after 13 days. Paphies australis accumulated TTX, reaching concentrations of up to 103 µg kg−1 by day 13, exceeding the European Food Safety Authority recommended concentration of 44 μg kg−1 in shellfish. This novel method will allow future studies to explore the effects, accumulation and depuration rates of TTX in different animals and document how it is transferred through food webs.

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“…To prevent poisoning from aquatic biotoxins, seafood and shellfish meat must be monitored, and the levels of toxin-producing microorganisms in the water must be detected before marketing. In addition to human health, environmental poisoning can also cause fatalities in fish, birds, and marine mammals [2]. For example, microcystins produced by cyanobacteria can kill animals living in eutrophic freshwater ecosystems or accumulate in mollusks, fish, and crayfish consumed by humans [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Optical Materials in Sensing and Discovery of Bioactive Compounds

Vaz

Valpradinhos

Frasco

et al. 2021

Sensors

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Optical biosensors are used in numerous applications and analytical fields. Advances in these sensor platforms offer high sensitivity, selectivity, miniaturization, and real-time analysis, among many other advantages. Research into bioactive natural products serves both to protect against potentially dangerous toxic compounds and to promote pharmacological innovation in drug discovery, as these compounds have unique chemical compositions that may be characterized by greater safety and efficacy. However, conventional methods for detecting these biomolecules have drawbacks, as they are time-consuming and expensive. As an alternative, optical biosensors offer a faster, simpler, and less expensive means of detecting various biomolecules of clinical interest. In this review, an overview of recent developments in optical biosensors for the detection and monitoring of aquatic biotoxins to prevent public health risks is first provided. In addition, the advantages and applicability of these biosensors in the field of drug discovery, including high-throughput screening, are discussed. The contribution of the investigated technological advances in the timely and sensitive detection of biotoxins while deciphering the pathways to discover bioactive compounds with great health-promoting prospects is envisaged to meet the increasing demands of healthcare systems.

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Marine-Based Toxins and Their Health Risk

Cited by 8 publications

References 164 publications

Potential Pathological Effects After Repeated Exposure to Tetrodotoxin in Reproductive System of Albino Male Rats

Potential Pathological Effects After Repeated Exposure to Tetrodotoxin in Reproductive System of Albino Male Rats

A Microencapsulation Method for Delivering Tetrodotoxin to Bivalves to Investigate Uptake and Accumulation

Emerging Optical Materials in Sensing and Discovery of Bioactive Compounds

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