Marine chemical ecology

Paul, Valerie J.; Puglisi, Melany P.; Ritson‐Williams, Raphael

doi:10.1039/b702742g

Cited by 185 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 236 publications

(257 reference statements)

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“…The above information regarding chemical cue detection and social hierarchies illustrates two ways in which metals may affect reproductive behaviors, since reproduction in aquatic animals often involves chemical cues (Paul and Ritson-Williams 2008) and may involve social hierarchies (Sloman 2007). However, heavy metals also may directly affect gamete interactions, as illustrated by a study of the effects of Cu on fertilization of eggs of an intertidal polychaete, Galeolaria caespitosa (Hollows et al 2007).…”

Section: Heavy Metal Effects On Social Structure and Reproductivementioning

confidence: 98%

Heavy Metal Pollutants and Chemical Ecology: Exploring New Frontiers

2010

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Heavy metals are an important class of pollutants with both lethal and sublethal effects on organisms. The latter are receiving increased attention, as these may have harmful ecological outcomes. For example, recent explorations of heavy metals in freshwater habitats reveal that they can modify chemical communication between individuals, resulting in "info-disruption" that can impact ecological relationships within and between species. Info-disruption can affect animal behavior and social structure, which in turn can modify both intraspecies and interspecies interactions. In terrestrial habitats, info-disruption by metals is not well studied, but recent demonstrations of chemical signaling between plants via both roots and volatile organic molecules provide potential opportunities for info-disruption. Metals in terrestrial habitats also can form elemental plant defenses, in which they can defend a plant against natural enemies. For example, hyperaccumulation of metals by terrestrial plants has been shown to provide defensive benefits, although in almost all known cases the metals are not anthropogenic pollutants but are naturally present in soils inhabited by these plants. Info-disruption among microbes is another arena in which metal pollutants may have ecological effects, as recent discoveries regarding quorum sensing in bacteria provide an avenue for metals to affect interactions among bacteria or between bacteria and other organisms. Metal pollutants also may influence immune responses of organisms, and thus affect pathogen/host relationships. Immunomodulation (modification of immune system function) has been tied to some metal pollutants, although specific metals may boost or reduce immune system function depending on dose. Finally, the study of metal pollutants is complicated by their frequent occurrence as mixtures, either with other metals or with organic pollutants. Most studies of metal pollutants focus on single metals and therefore oversimplify complex field conditions. Study of pollutant impacts on chemical ecology also are difficult due to the necessity of studying effects at varying ecological scales: "dynamic scaling" of chemical ecology studies is rarely done completely. It is clear that much remains to be learned about how heavy metal pollution impacts organisms, and that exciting new research frontiers are available for experimental exploration.

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Section: Heavy Metal Effects On Social Structure and Reproductivementioning

confidence: 98%

Heavy Metal Pollutants and Chemical Ecology: Exploring New Frontiers

2010

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“…Sponges are also known for their rich chemical diversity which includes numerous compounds with anti-fouling properties (Fusetani 2004). It is therefore tempting Phytochem Rev (2010) 9:475-489 479 to speculate that sponges are chemically defended against fouling organisms much like they are able to fight off or deter predators by accumulation of defensive natural products (Paul and Ritson-Williams 2008). Direct proof for a chemical defence of sponges against fouling organisms such as barnacle larvae, however, is still lacking as compounds would need to be concentrated in cortex cell layers or even be exuded into the surrounding sea water in order to become effective.…”

Section: Anti-fouling Constituents From the Sponge Ianthella Bastamentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioactive natural products from marine sponges and fungal endophytes

et al. 2010

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This review highlights recent findings of our group on bioactive marine natural products isolated from marine sponges and marine derived fungi. The activated chemical defence of the Mediterranean sponge Aplysina aerophoba is introduced as an example of a dynamic response of marine sponges to wounding. Following tissue disrupture preformed brominated isoxazoline alkaloids are enzymatically cleaved and thereby give rise to aeroplysinin-1 which is believed to protect sponges from invasion of pathogenic bacteria. A preliminary characterization of the membrane bound enzyme(s) involved in the cleavage reaction is presented. Bromotyrosine derived, oxime group bearing peptides, the so called bastadins, obtained from the sponge Ianthella basta and some of their synthetic derivatives were shown to exhibit pronounced antifouling activity against larvae of the barnacle Balanus improvisus. The antifouling activity could be traced to the oxime group as an important pharmacophore that was also found to be present in other sponge derived natural products exhibiting antifouling activity. Marine derived fungi that reside within invertebrates such as sponges or inside Mangrove plants are emerging as a new source of bioactive metabolites as demonstrated for Aspergillus ustus and Alternaria sp. that were isolated from the sponge Suberites domuncula or from the Mangrove plant Sonneratia alba, respectively. The former fungus yielded new moderately cytotoxic sesquiterpenoids of the drimane type whereas the latter was found to produce polyketides such as alternariol that exhibited strong and selective inhibitory activity against several protein kinases, for instance Aurora A and B which are targets for anticancer chemotherapy.

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“…Generally, red seaweeds are known to contain halogenated compounds, which are known to function as feeding deterrents (Paul and Williams 2008). A modiWcation of chemical anti-herbivory defenses should be detected by both feeding assays using fresh and reconstituted seaweeds.…”

Section: Spring Fallmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing the ability of a non-indigenous and a native seaweed to induce anti-herbivory defenses

Yun

Molis

2012

Mar Biol

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Phenotypic plasticity could be a key mechanism of successful species invasion. Few studies, however, have evaluated whether a non-indigenous species induces anti-herbivore defenses after its introduction to new habitats. We tested how a non-indigenous (Mastocarpus stellatus) and a native red seaweed (Chondrus crispus) responded to grazing by a periwinkle (Littorina littorea) and an isopod (Idotea granulosa) in Helgoland, Germany. In the donor region of the Mastocarpus population, that is Iceland, the periwinkle is missing, whereas the isopod is present. Our results indicate that Mastocarpus experienced less consumption by Littorina (but not by Idotea) than Chondrus. Moreover, Mastocarpus induced defenses in response to Idotea (but not to Littorina) grazing, whereas Chondrus induced anti-herbivory responses to both species of herbivores. Grazed Mastocarpus grew equally to non-grazed conspeciWcs, while growth of grazed Chondrus was lower than of ungrazed conspeciWcs. Hence, the non-indigenous Mastocarpus responded diVerently to grazing stress than the native Chondrus with respect to anti-herbivory and compensatory responses, which perhaps supported the successful Mastocarpus establishment in a new range.

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Marine chemical ecology

Abstract: This review covers the recent marine chemical ecology literature for benthic cyanobacteria, macroalgae, sponges, octocorals, molluscs, other benthic invertebrates, fish and seabirds.

Cited by 185 publications

References 236 publications

Heavy Metal Pollutants and Chemical Ecology: Exploring New Frontiers

Heavy Metal Pollutants and Chemical Ecology: Exploring New Frontiers

Bioactive natural products from marine sponges and fungal endophytes

Comparing the ability of a non-indigenous and a native seaweed to induce anti-herbivory defenses

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