Marine defaunation: Animal loss in the global ocean

McCauley, Douglas J.; Pinsky, Malin L.; Palumbi, Stephen R.; Estes, James A.; Joyce, Francis H.; Warner, Robert R.

doi:10.1126/science.1255641

Cited by 1,036 publications

(795 citation statements)

References 252 publications

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“…Of particular concern are the consequences of bleaching of large numbers of reef-building scleractinian corals and hydrocorals. [19] The increasing frequency and severity of anthropogenic impacts throughout the global ocean has led to habitat degradation, fragmentation, and trophic downgrading of marine ecosystems worldwide [20,21]. However, as cited from [22]; ''Large animals declined before small animals and architectural species, and Atlantic reefs declined before reefs in the Red Sea and Australia, but the trajectories of decline were markedly similar worldwide.…”

Section: Destructionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Importance, Destruction and Recovery of Coral Reefs

Hoek¹,

Bayoumi²

2017

IOSRJPBS

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Section: Destructionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Importance, Destruction and Recovery of Coral Reefs

Hoek¹,

Bayoumi²

2017

IOSRJPBS

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“…While once lagging behind terrestrial planning in innovation and borrowing heavily from methods developed on land (Álvarez-Romero et al, 2011;Leslie, 2005), over the past 10 years the theory and practice of marine SCP have advanced rapidly and innovatively to inform actions to mitigate the growing threats to marine ecosystems (Halpern et al, 2012;McCauley et al, 2015). Since the most recent review of marine planning exercises (Leslie, 2005), hundreds of publications on marine SCP have appeared in the academic and gray literature, adding new concepts, planning frameworks, and methods (Groves and Game, 2016;Kukkala and Moilanen, 2013).…”

Section: Recent Advances and Emerging Trends In Marine Conservation Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Protected areas now cover around 6.97% of the total extent of the world's oceans, corresponding to 16.03% of marine environments within national jurisdictions and 1.18% of the high seas (UNEP-WCMC and IUCN, 2018). International policy targets and the growing recognition of a marine biodiversity crisis (McCauley et al, 2015) indicate that the number and total extent of MPAs will increase further, perhaps significantly, during the next few decades (Boonzaier and Pauly, 2016). However, only a small proportion of MPAs are fully protected (e.g., through strict marine reserves), which can limit their effectiveness in achieving conservation objectives (Boonzaier and Pauly, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research advances and gaps in marine planning: towards a global database in systematic conservation planning

Álvarez‐Romero

Mills

Adams

et al. 2018

Biological Conservation

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Systematic conservation planning (SCP) has increasingly been used to prioritize conservation actions, including the design of new protected areas to achieve conservation objectives. Over the last 10 years, the number of marine SCP studies has increased exponentially, yet there is no structured or reliable way to find information on methods, trends, and progress. The rapid growth in methods and marine applications warrants an updated analysis of the literature, as well as reflection on the need for continuous and systematic documentation of SCP exercises in general. To address these gaps, we developed a database to document SCP exercises and populated it with 155 marine SCP exercises found in the primary literature. Based on our review, we provide an update on global advances and trends in marine SCP literature. We found accelerating growth in the number of studies over the past decade, with increasing consideration of socioeconomic variables, land-sea planning, and ecological connectivity. While several studies aimed to inform conservation decisions, we found little evidence of input from practitioners. There are important gaps in geographic coverage and little correspondence with areas most threatened. Five countries lead most studies, but their networks suggest potential for capacity building through collaborations. The varying quality and detail in documentation of studies confirmed the limited opportunities to develop and assess the application of best practice in conservation planning. A global database to track the development, implementation, and impact of SCP applications can thus provide numerous benefits. Our database constitutes an important step towards the development of a centralized repository of information on planning exercises and can serve several roles to advance SCP theory and practice: it facilitates assessing geographic coverage and gaps; scientists and practitioners can access information to identify trends in the use of data, methods, and tools; reviewers and editors of journals can assess whether studies have covered important literature and developments; donors and non-government organizations can identify regions needing further work; and practitioners and policy-makers can learn from previous plans.

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“…Sharks, for instance, occupy high trophic levels in most marine food webs, are typically well connected trophically and can elicit strong avoidance behaviours in prey [8][9][10]. Yet most fisheries target large predators, potentially exacerbating the impacts of overfishing on ecosystem stability by selectively removing influential predators like sharks and tuna [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Marine ecosystems provide highly valuable services, including food production, climate regulation and nutrient cycling [1,2]. However, the sustainability of these services is threatened globally by factors such as overfishing, pollution and habitat degradation [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acoustic telemetry and network analysis reveal the space use of multiple reef predators and enhance marine protected area design

et al. 2016

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Marine protected areas (MPAs) are commonly employed to protect ecosystems from threats like overfishing. Ideally, MPA design should incorporate movement data from multiple target species to ensure sufficient habitat is protected. We used long-term acoustic telemetry and network analysis to determine the fine-scale space use of five shark and one turtle species at a remote atoll in the Seychelles, Indian Ocean, and evaluate the efficacy of a proposed MPA. Results revealed strong, species-specific habitat use in both sharks and turtles, with corresponding variation in MPA use. Defining the MPA's boundary from the edge of the reef flat at low tide instead of the beach at high tide (the current best in Seychelles) significantly increased the MPA's coverage of predator movements by an average of 34%. Informed by these results, the larger MPA was adopted by the Seychelles government, demonstrating how telemetry data can improve shark spatial conservation by affecting policy directly.

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Marine defaunation: Animal loss in the global ocean

Cited by 1,036 publications

References 252 publications

Importance, Destruction and Recovery of Coral Reefs

Importance, Destruction and Recovery of Coral Reefs

Research advances and gaps in marine planning: towards a global database in systematic conservation planning

Acoustic telemetry and network analysis reveal the space use of multiple reef predators and enhance marine protected area design

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