Marine invertebrate mitochondria and oxidative stress

a b s t r a c tSeawater salinity is one of the most important changeable environmental factors influencing the behavior, survival, growth and production of marine organisms. In this work, metabolite and gene expression profiles were used to elucidate the biological effects of reduced salinities in juvenile flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. Metabolic profiling indicated that both reduced salinities (23.3‰ and 15.6‰) enhanced proteolysis and disturbed osmotic regulation and energy metabolism in juvenile flounder P. olivaceus. Furthermore, the low salinity (15.6‰) enhanced anaerobic metabolism indicated by the elevated lactate in flounder tissue extracts. Gene expression profiles exhibited that reduced salinities could induce immune stress and oxidative stress and disturb energy metabolism in juvenile flounder P. olivaceus. In addition, reduced salinities might promote the growth and gonadal differentiation in juvenile flounder P. olivaceus.

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Metabolite and gene expression responses in juvenile flounder Paralichthys olivaceus exposed to reduced salinities

Liu

et al. 2017

“…As a flavoprotein, NADH dehydrogenase processes iron-sulfur centers and is involved in production of reactive oxygen species in mitochondria [30]. Peptidylprolyl isomerase A is a known protein recognized as the marker of apoptosis that is also related to oxidative stress [31].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proteomic and metabolomic responses in D-shape larval mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis exposed to cadmium and arsenic

et al. 2016

a b s t r a c tCadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) are the main metal/metalloid contaminants in the coastal environments of the Bohai Sea, China. In this work, a combined proteomic and metabolomic approach was applied to investigate the biological effects of Cd and As (V) in the early life stage (D-shape larvae) of mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. Results indicated that Cd was a potential immune toxicant to D-shape larval mussel because of the numerous proteomic responses related to immune system. Additionally, Cd induced oxidative stress, cellular injury and disturbance in nucleic acid metabolism in D-shape larval mussels. However, only two identified proteins were significantly altered in As (V)-treated group, suggesting that D-shape larval mussel was less sensitive to As (V) than to Cd at protein level. These two proteins in response to As (V) suggested that As (V) influenced anti-oxidative system and cell proliferation in Dshape larval mussels. Metabolic responses indicated that Cd and As (V) induced disturbances in osmotic regulation and energy metabolism in D-shape larval mussels via different metabolic pathways. In addition, Cd reduced lipid metabolism as well. This work demonstrated that a combination of proteomics and metabolomics could provide an insightful view in the biological effects of pollutants in mussel M. galloprovincialis at an early life stage.

“…As a flavoprotein, NADH dehydrogenase contains iron-sulfur centers and is involved in production of reactive oxygen species in mitochondria [29]. These two proteins, profilin and NADH dehydrogenase, are known to be related to oxidative stress [29,30]. Therefore, the alteration of profilin and NADH dehydrogenase confirmed the oxidative stress induced by Cd in juvenile mussels.…”

Section: Tablementioning

confidence: 98%

“…Profilin is thought to regulate actin polymerization in response to extracellular signals. As a flavoprotein, NADH dehydrogenase contains iron-sulfur centers and is involved in production of reactive oxygen species in mitochondria [29]. These two proteins, profilin and NADH dehydrogenase, are known to be related to oxidative stress [29,30].…”

Section: Tablementioning

confidence: 99%

Proteomic responses reveal the differential effects induced by cadmium in mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis at early life stages

Peng

et al. 2016

a b s t r a c tCadmium (Cd) has become an important metal contaminant and posed severe risk on the organisms in the coastal environments of the Bohai Sea. Marine mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis is widely distributed along the Bohai coast and consumed as seafood by local residents. Evidences indicate that the early stages of marine organisms are more sensitive to metal contaminants. In this study, we applied twodimensional electrophoresis-based proteomics to characterize the biological effects of Cd (50 mg L À1 ) in the early life stages (D-shape larval and juvenile) of mussels. The different proteomic responses demonstrated the differential responsive mechanisms to Cd exposure in these two early life stages of mussels. In details, results indicated that Cd mainly induced immune and oxidative stresses in both Dshape larval and juvenile mussels via different pathways. In addition, the significant up-regulation of triosephosphate isomerase and metallothionein confirmed the enhanced energy demand and mobilized detoxification mechanism in D-shape larval mussels exposed to Cd. In juvenile mussels, Cd exposure also induced clear apoptosis. Overall, this work suggests that Cd is a potential immune toxicant to mussel M. galloprovincialis at early life stages.