Marine Microorganisms as Source of Stereoselective Esterases and Ketoreductases: Kinetic Resolution of a Prostaglandin Intermediate

Abstract

hornekiae 15A gave highly stereoselective reduction of (R,S)-1, while H. aquamarina 9B enantioselectively hydrolysed (R,S)-1; in both the cases, enantiomerically pure unreacted substrate could be easily recovered and purified at molar conversion below 57-58%, showing the potential of DHABs extremophile microbiome and marine-derived enzymes in biocatalysis.

Deep Hypersaline Anoxic Basins as Untapped Reservoir of Polyextremophilic Prokaryotes of Biotechnological Interest

“…Apparently, as high salinity is one of the main features of DHABs, halophilic organisms have been found across all the basins, and most of the isolated halophilic strains also display interesting metabolic features. In particular, 33 halotolerant bacterial strains have been isolated from the halocline of the Urania, Bannock, Discovery, and L'Atalante basins [66]. For instance, Halanaeroarchaeum sulfurireducens M27-SA2 is a sulfur-reducing and acetate-oxidizing haloarcheon isolated from the Medee basin [67].…”

“…Although culture-independent approaches have radically changed microbial bioprospecting in extreme environments, the development of biotechnological applications must be accompanied by the corresponding study of pure cultures. In this regard, despite the great biodiversity-highlighted trough metagenomics in DHABs, so far less than 100 bacterial strains ( Figure 3, Table S1) have been isolated and cultured for testing their extracts in few biotechnological applications [66,[83][84][85]. Bioinformatic analyses on the phylogeny of the 16s rDNA sequences of those cultured strains (carried out by aligning them on the SILVA database v132 on the ACT server [86]) showed that most of these prokaryotes are affiliated with Gammaproteobacteria and Bacilli; in addition, several sequences within the same database were found to be phylogenetically related to the cultured strains (Table S2), further suggesting that more prokaryotic strains with adaptations to polyextreme ecosystems with biotechnological potential might be found within the same clades of already-cultured strains.…”

“…There have also been applications in the cosmetic and pharmaceutic fields [192][193][194] Esterase (EC 3. Cyclodextrins produced by this enzyme have broad, non-toxic applications in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries [66,238] For instance, the production of novel thermoactive and alkali-tolerant α-amylases has been documented for many prokaryotic species such as Pontibacillus chungwhensis, Halomonas meridiana, and Zunongwangia profunda isolated taxa from DHABs. This group of enzymes has a very wide spectrum of industrial application, including in the sugar production, animal nutrition, baking, brewing, and distilling industries, in the production of digestive aids, in the pharmaceutical industries, and in the production of biofuel [239].…”

Organic Solvent-Tolerant Marine Microorganisms as Catalysts for Kinetic Resolution of Cyclic β-Hydroxy Ketones

“…Marine microorganisms produce novel enzymes with high stability and activity at extreme conditions (i.e., extreme temperature, pressure, pH, or organic solvent) compared to enzymes isolated from conventional sources (Antranikian et al 2005;Dionisi et al 2012;Ferrer et al 2012). These advantages, in addition to the availability of marine microorganisms from various sources such as seaweeds, sponges, mollusks, and marine sediments, make marine enzymes ideal biocatalysts for broad application in organic synthesis (Trincone 2011;Rocha et al 2010Rocha et al , 2012Rocha et al , 2015de Oliveira et al 2014;De Vitis et al 2015;Sarkar et al 2010). Nevertheless, of the enzymes currently applied as catalysts for the kinetic resolution of optically active compounds, few are derived from marine microorganisms or their purified enzymes (Trincone 2010;Veberlen et al 2006).…”

Seawater‐Based Biocatalytic Strategy: Stereoselective Reductions of Ketones with Marine Yeasts

“…Marine microorganisms are a logical but still largely untapped resource for use as cell factories in seawater‐based bio‐processes . Enzymes produced by marine microorganisms are naturally endowed with an excellent stability towards high salinity, as a consequence of different structural adjustments adopted to cope with high ionic strength conditions . Interestingly, adaptation to high salinity corresponds to an increased tolerance towards organic solvents, a requisite for many enzymes to be used as bio‐catalysts in organic chemistry.…”