Marine natural products

Abstract

This review covers the literature published in 2002 for marine natural products, with 579 citations (413 for the period January to December 2002) referring to compounds isolated from marine microorganisms and phytoplankton, green algae, brown algae, red algae, sponges, coelenterates, bryozoans, molluscs, tunicates and echinoderms. The emphasis is on new compounds (677 for 2002), together with their relevant biological activities, source organisms and country of origin. Syntheses that lead to the revision of structures or stereochemistries have been included (114), including any first total syntheses of a marine natural product.

Organismos marinhos como fonte de novos fármacos: histórico & perspectivas

“…Hoje, e desde o início do século corrente, vem-se testemunhando o que pode configurar o renascimento do campo dos produtos naturais marinhos. [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] Os avanços nas técnicas de isolamento e caracterização química, os progressos e a sofisticação dos bioensaios, que se mostram cada vez mais específicos e acurados, receberam, ainda, o reforço de mais um importante grupo de profícuos produtores de moléculas interessantes: os micro-organismos marinhos. 6,[24][25][26] Quase a metade (45%) dos produtos naturais de micro-organismos marinhos foi isolada após o ano 2000, demonstrando o interesse recente nesta área.…”

Natural Products from Marine Invertebrates and Microorganisms in Brazil between 2004 and 2017: Still the Challenges, More Rewards

“…[125][126][127][128][129][130][131][132][133][134][135][136][137][138][139] Marine sponges continue to be the main source of marine natural products in Brazil, a trend that follows the overall interest by marine natural product chemists all around the world. [125][126][127][128][129][130][131][132][133][134][135][136][137][138][139] Marine sponges are prolific in providing unique bioactive chemicals, many of which appear to be produced by associated microorganisms. As shown in Figure 32, alkaloids comprise the main group of marine secondary metabolites isolated by Brazilian researchers, followed by metabolites of mixed biosynthetic origin, polyketides and terpenes.…”

“…Such patterns have been consistently observed over the years. [125][126][127][128][129][130][131][132][133][134][135][136][137][138][139] Although an analysis of bioactivities has not been herein included, it sounds as illogical to correlate bioactivities to certain classes of metabolites or organisms. This is because the reported bioactivities are the author's choice rather than a comprehensive assessment of a bioactivity for each particular compound.…”

In Vitro Antiviral Activity of Marine Sponges Collected Off Brazilian Coast

“…Ecological pressures, such as competition for space, predation, symbiosis and tide variations, throughout thousand of years originated the biosynthesis of complex and different secondary metabolites by these organisms, which in turn allowed their adaptation to a competitive and hostile environment. [11][12][13] In relation to the infectious diseases, the exploration of the marine environment represents a promising strategy in the search for active compounds, whereas there is a need for new medicines, due to the appearance of resistance to the available treatments in many microorganisms, specifically concerning antifungal, antiprotozoal, antibacterial and antiviral activities. Viruses have remained resistant to treatment or prophylaxis longer than any other infectious organisms.…”

“…The literature shows a great number of reports about different pharmacological activities of marine sponges. Many papers showed the results of the screening of marine organisms for antiviral activity, and a wide range of active compounds have been [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] For some of these compounds an important antiviral activity was described, such as avarol and avarone isolated from the sponge Disidea avara, which inhibited HIV virus replication, and showed the ability to cross blood-brain barrier. 22) Another example of a marine antiviral compound is the betacarboline alkaloid eudistomin, isolated from a tunicate Eudistoma ollivaceum, which, along with other related b-carbolines, has demonstrated anti-HSV-1 and 2 activity.…”