Marine omega‐3 fatty acid intake and survival of stage III colon cancer according to tumor molecular markers in NCCTG Phase III trial N0147 (Alliance)

Song, Mingyang; Ou, Fang Shu; Zemla, Tyler; Hull, Mark A.; Shi, Qian; Limburg, Paul J.; Alberts, Steven R.; Sinicrope, Frank A.; Giovannucci, Edward; Blarigan, Erin L. Van; Meyerhardt, Jeffrey A.; Chan, Andrew T.

doi:10.1002/ijc.32113

Cited by 25 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 52 publications

(57 reference statements)

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“…BRAF mutations are for example associated with aging, female gender, right sided location in the colon, advanced disease stage, and MSI -characteristics that could be confirmed also in this study. Although in the present study, more cases had BRAF-mutated tumors (22%) compared to other populations (generally 4-18%) (38)(39)(40). We have no obvious explanation for this observation.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 78%

C-reactive Protein and Future Risk of Clinical and Molecular Subtypes of Colorectal Cancer

Bodén

Myte

Harbs

et al. 2020

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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Background: Inflammation has been implicated in colorectal cancer (CRC) etiology, but the relationship between C-reactive protein (CRP) and CRC risk is unclear. We aimed to investigate the association between pre-diagnostic plasma CRP concentrations and the risk of clinical and molecular CRC subtypes. Methods: We used prospectively collected samples from 1010 matched CRC case-control pairs from two population-based cohorts in Northern Sweden, including 259 with repeated samples. Conditional logistic regression and linear mixed models were used to estimate relative risks of CRC, including subtypes based on BRAF and KRAS mutations, microsatellite instability status, tumor location, stage, lag-time, and (using unconditional logistic regression) BMI. Results: CRP was not associated with CRC risk, regardless of clinical or molecular CRC subtype. For participants with advanced tumors and blood samples <5 years before diagnosis, CRP was associated with higher risk (odds ratio per 1 unit increase in natural logarithmtransformed (ln) CRP 1.32, 95% CI 1.01-1.73). CRP levels increased over time, but average time trajectories were similar for cases and controls (P interaction =0.19). Conclusions: Our results do not support intertumoral heterogeneity as an explanation for previous inconsistent findings regarding the role of CRP in CRC etiology. The possible association in the subgroup with advanced tumors and shorter follow-up likely reflects undiagnosed cancer at baseline. Impact: Future efforts to establish the putative role of chronic, low-grade inflammation in CRC development will need to address the complex relationship between systemic inflammatory factors and tumor microenvironment, and might consider larger biomarker panels than CRP alone.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 78%

C-reactive Protein and Future Risk of Clinical and Molecular Subtypes of Colorectal Cancer

Bodén

Myte

Harbs

et al. 2020

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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“…Among a total of 175 full-text reports, 130 papers were additionally excluded due to an different exposure and/or outcome ( n = 82), unrelated study design ( n = 20), studies with uncertain information regarding RR or HR ( n = 19), overlap ( n = 2), or studies without original data (abstracts or reviews) ( n = 7). As a result, 45 studies were included in the final systematic review and meta-analysis [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Exposure data related to prediagnostic intake only were available in 21 studies [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 28 , 29 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 46 , 49 , 50 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 59 ], exposure data related to postdiagnostic intake only were available in 20 studies [ 16 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 37 , 38 , 44 , 45 , 47 , 48 , 51 , 54 , 58 , 60 ], and 4 studies included both prediagnostic and postdiagnostic dietary intake [ 26 , 30 , 52 , 53 ]. Outcome data related to all-cause mortality only were available in 16 studies [ 16 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 24 , …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Intake in Association with All-Cause Mortality and Colorectal Cancer Mortality among Colorectal Cancer Survivors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies

Hoang

Kim

2020

Cancers

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We carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the effects of both prediagnostic and postdiagnostic dietary intake on all-cause mortality and CRC-specific mortality among CRC survivors. An extensive search of PubMed and Embase was conducted to identify eligible studies. We applied a random-effects model to estimate the pooled relative risks (RRs)/hazard ratios (HRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). As a result, a total of 45 studies were included in the final analysis. Pooled effect sizes from at least three study populations showed that whole grains and calcium were inversely associated with all-cause mortality, with RRs/HRs (95% CIs) of 0.83 (0.69–0.99) and 0.84 (0.73–0.97), respectively. In contrast, a positive association between an unhealthy dietary pattern and both all-cause mortality (RR/HR = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.05–2.05) and CRC-specific mortality (RR/HR = 1.52, 95% CI = 1.13–2.06) was observed among CRC survivors. In the subgroup analysis by CRC diagnosis, prediagnostic and postdiagnostic dietary intake such as carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and fiber were observed to have different effects on all-cause mortality. Overall, an unhealthy dietary pattern increased the risks of both all-cause mortality and CRC-specific mortality. The role of prediagnostic and postdiagnostic intake of dietary elements such as macronutrients and fatty acids could be different in the risk of all-cause mortality.

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“…If confirmed in clinical trials, early intervention with omega-3 LCPUFAs to prevent the development of cancer cachexia may also help to limit the spread of the tumor to distant organs. Epidemiological evidence indicates a benefit from supplementation with omega-3 LCPUFAs throughout the clinical journey of a cancer patient as higher intakes of these fatty acids in patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer were found to be associated with reduced specific mortality [167][168][169].…”

Section: Omega-3 Lcpufas and Cancer Cachexiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Expert Opinion on Benefits of Long-Chain Omega-3 Fatty Acids (DHA and EPA) in Aging and Clinical Nutrition

et al. 2020

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Life expectancy is increasing and so is the prevalence of age-related non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Consequently, older people and patients present with multi-morbidities and more complex needs, putting significant pressure on healthcare systems. Effective nutrition interventions could be an important tool to address patient needs, improve clinical outcomes and reduce healthcare costs. Inflammation plays a central role in NCDs, so targeting it is relevant to disease prevention and treatment. The long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3 LCPUFAs) docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) are known to reduce inflammation and promote its resolution, suggesting a beneficial role in various therapeutic areas. An expert group reviewed the data on omega-3 LCPUFAs in specific patient populations and medical conditions. Evidence for benefits in cognitive health, age- and disease-related decline in muscle mass, cancer treatment, surgical patients and critical illness was identified. Use of DHA and EPA in some conditions is already included in some relevant guidelines. However, it is important to note that data on the effects of omega-3 LCPUFAs are still inconsistent in many areas (e.g., cognitive decline) due to a range of factors that vary amongst the trials performed to date; these factors include dose, timing and duration; baseline omega-3 LCPUFA status; and intake of other nutrients. Well-designed intervention studies are required to optimize the effects of DHA and EPA in specific patient populations and to develop more personalized strategies for their use.

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Marine omega‐3 fatty acid intake and survival of stage III colon cancer according to tumor molecular markers in NCCTG Phase III trial N0147 (Alliance)

Cited by 25 publications

References 52 publications

C-reactive Protein and Future Risk of Clinical and Molecular Subtypes of Colorectal Cancer

C-reactive Protein and Future Risk of Clinical and Molecular Subtypes of Colorectal Cancer

Dietary Intake in Association with All-Cause Mortality and Colorectal Cancer Mortality among Colorectal Cancer Survivors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies

Expert Opinion on Benefits of Long-Chain Omega-3 Fatty Acids (DHA and EPA) in Aging and Clinical Nutrition

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