“…In the last few decades, marine polysaccharides from algae have gained considerable attention from the fundamental research and practical biomedical applications owing to their inherent (bio)physicochemical characteristics, such as favorable biocompatibility and biodegradability, remarkable bioactivity, as well as outstanding structural functionalities ( Bilal and Iqbal, 2020 ; Zheng et al, 2020 ; He et al, 2021 ; Jing et al, 2021 ; Yang et al, 2021 ). In particular, fucoidan is a water-soluble fucose-based sulfated polysaccharide, which has remarkable multiple bioactivities, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, antithrombotic, anticoagulant, anti-inflammatory, antifibrotic, immunomodulatory, and antitumor functions ( Lin et al, 2020a ; Apostolova et al, 2020 ; Etman et al, 2020 ; Hao et al, 2020 ; Zhu et al, 2021a ; Hao et al, 2021 ; Zheng et al, 2021 ).…”