Marine Protists: A Hitchhiker’s Guide to their Role in the Marine Microbiome

Bachy, Charles; Hehenberger, Elisabeth; Ling, Yu; Needham, David M.; Strauss, Jan; Wilken, Susanne; Worden, Alexandra Z.

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-90383-1_4

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 543 publications

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“…Particulate trace metals concentrations are additionally elevated in this nepheloid layer, potentially serving as a metal source to bathypelagic microbes 45,46 . Fungi are consumers of organic detrital material 47,48 , are hypothesized to contribute to methane and nitrogen cycling 49 , and are active degraders of carbohydrates and proteins throughout the water column and in the subseafloor [50][51][52] . It is unclear whether fungi benefit from enhanced particulate material in the nepheloid layer above the seafloor, or are generally abundant at these depths of the western North Atlantic.…”

Section: Fig 2 Relative Abundance Of Transcript Reads Recruited To Op...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Microeukaryote metabolism across the western North Atlantic Ocean revealed through autonomous underwater profiling

Cohen,

Krinos,

Kell

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Protists (microeukaryotes) are key contributors to marine carbon cycling, influencing the transfer of energy to higher trophic levels and the vertical movement of carbon to the ocean interior. Their physiology, ecology, and interactions with the chemical environment are still poorly understood in offshore ecosystems, and especially in the deep ocean. Using the Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV)Clio, the microbial community along a 1,050 km transect in the western North Atlantic Ocean was surveyed at 10-200 m vertical depth increments to capture metabolic microeukaryote signatures spanning a gradient of oligotrophic, continental margin, and productive coastal ecosystems. Plankton biomass was collected along the surface of this transect and across depth features, and taxonomy and metabolic function were examined using a paired metatranscriptomic and metaproteomic approach. A shift in the microeukaryote community composition was observed from the euphotic zone through the mesopelagic and into the bathypelagic ocean. A diverse surface assemblage consisting of haptophytes, stramenopiles, dinoflagellates and ciliates was represented in both the transcript and protein fractions, with foraminifera, radiolaria, picozoa, and discoba proteins enriched at >200 m depth, and fungal proteins emerging in waters >3,000 m depth. In the broad microeukaryote community, nitrogen stress biomarkers were found in productive coastal sites, with phosphorus stress biomarkers in offshore waters where Saharan dust input is thought to supply iron and nitrogen. This multi-omics dataset broadens our understanding of how microeukaryotic taxa and their functional processes are structured along environmental gradients of temperature, light, macronutrients, and trace metals.

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Section: Fig 2 Relative Abundance Of Transcript Reads Recruited To Op...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Microeukaryote metabolism across the western North Atlantic Ocean revealed through autonomous underwater profiling

Cohen,

Krinos,

Kell

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…[12]. Il est probable que ces virus infectent majoritairement les protistes marins, c'est-àdire les organismes eucaryotes unicellulaires, tels que les microalgues ou les champignons, mais qui comprennent aussi une grande diversité d'autres lignées [13]. L'ampleur de la diversité de ces petits virus a été révélée lors de l'expédition Tara Océans 2 avec près de 5 500 nouveaux génomes décrits [14].…”

Section: Abondance Distribution Et Diversité : Un Océan De Superlatifsunclassified

“…Les étoiles noires indiquent les hôtes protistes. Il est probable que la contribution relative plus élevée des protistes photosynthétiques en tant qu'hôtes des Nucleocytoviricota résulte du fait qu'il y ait plus de protistes photosynthétiques en culture par rapport aux protistes hétérotrophes et/ou mixotrophes (figure modifiée de[13]). (B) Représentation phylogénétique des phages en utilisant l'outil informatique vConTACT2 (Viral CONTigs Automatic Clustering and Taxonomy) pour établir les relations entre phages.…”

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Diversité et importance écologique des virus dans le milieu marin

Bachy

Baudoux

2022

Med Sci (Paris)

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L’océan est le réservoir le plus important de virus sur la planète avec des abondances allant jusqu’à plusieurs milliards par litre. Ces virus sont une force directrice majeure pour l’évolution et la structuration du monde microbien, mais aussi pour le fonctionnement des grands cycles biogéochimiques dans les écosystèmes marins. Grâce aux techniques de séquençage à haut débit, nous commençons à entrevoir la diversité et la complexité de cette virosphère marine. Cette synthèse décrit les découvertes importantes dans le domaine de l’écologie virale marine et aborde la diversité de ces micro-organismes fascinants, leur impact sur la mortalité microbienne et les cycles de nutriments et d’énergie dans l’océan.

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“…Although our knowledge about protists increases at a steady pace, much remains to be discovered about their specific interactions and lifestyles. Our understanding of these organisms is often impeded by our inability to maintain them in culture (Bachy et al., 2022; Del Campo et al., 2023). Many such “uncultured” taxa are marine heterotrophs, including marine test‐bearing Rhizaria such as the Foraminifera.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuous reproduction of planktonic foraminifera in laboratory culture

Meilland,

Siccha,

Morard

et al. 2024

J Eukaryotic Microbiology

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Planktonic foraminifera were long considered obligate sexual outbreeders but recent observations have shown that nonspinose species can reproduce by multiple fission. The frequency of multiple fission appears low but the survival rate of the offspring is high and specimens approaching fission can be distinguished. We made use of this observation and established a culturing protocol aimed at enhancing the detection and frequency of fission. Using this protocol, we selectively cultured specimens of Neogloboquadrina pachyderma and raised the frequency of reproduction by fission in culture from 3% in randomly selected specimens to almost 60%. By feeding the resulting offspring different strains of live diatoms, we obtained a thriving offspring population and during the subsequent 6 months of culturing, we observed two more successive generations produced by fission. This provides evidence that in nonspinose species of planktonic foraminifera, reproduction by multiple fission is likely clonal and corresponds to the schizont phase known from benthic foraminifera. We subsequently tested if a similar culturing strategy could be applied to Globigerinita glutinata, representing a different clade of planktonic foraminifera, and we were indeed able to obtain offspring via multiple fission in this species. This work opens new avenues for laboratory‐based experimental work with planktonic foraminifera.

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Marine Protists: A Hitchhiker’s Guide to their Role in the Marine Microbiome

Cited by 6 publications

References 543 publications

Microeukaryote metabolism across the western North Atlantic Ocean revealed through autonomous underwater profiling

Microeukaryote metabolism across the western North Atlantic Ocean revealed through autonomous underwater profiling

Diversité et importance écologique des virus dans le milieu marin

Continuous reproduction of planktonic foraminifera in laboratory culture

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