Marine science and technology transfer: Can the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission advance governance of biodiversity beyond national jurisdiction?

Harden‐Davies, Harriet

doi:10.1016/j.marpol.2016.10.003

Cited by 22 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The International Oceanographic Commission (IOC) under the UN Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) provides a leading role in coordinating marine scientific research, transferring technology and developing capacity. Resources to fully implement the IOC programs are inadequate, however, both for the IOC Secretariat (about 2% of UNESCO budget) and the national or regional implementation of IOC programs (Ardron et al, 2014;Warner, 2014;Harden-Davies, 2016). To be meaningful, such programs must boost national and regional capacity where it is needed, but vulnerabilities in the current system must first be overcome.…”

Section: Global Marine Policy Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linking Capacity Development to GOOS Monitoring Networks to Achieve Sustained Ocean Observation

et al. 2018

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Developing enduring capacity to monitor ocean life requires investing in people and their institutions to build infrastructure, ownership, and long-term support networks. International initiatives can enhance access to scientific data, tools and methodologies, and develop local expertise to use them, but without ongoing engagement may fail to have lasting benefit. Linking capacity development and technology transfer to sustained ocean monitoring is a win-win proposition. Trained local experts will benefit from joining global communities of experts who are building the comprehensive Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS). This two-way exchange will benefit scientists and policy makers in developing and developed countries. The first step toward the GOOS is complete: identification of an initial set of biological Essential Ocean Variables (EOVs) that incorporate the Group on Earth Observations (GEO) Essential Biological Variables (EBVs), and link to the physical and biogeochemical EOVs. EOVs provide a globally consistent approach to monitoring where the costs of monitoring oceans can be shared and where capacity and expertise can be transferred globally. Integrating monitoring with existing international reporting and policy development connects ocean observations

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Section: Global Marine Policy Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linking Capacity Development to GOOS Monitoring Networks to Achieve Sustained Ocean Observation

et al. 2018

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“…Limited capacity of different countries to access and make use of the information contained in databases, as well as intellectual property protection of databases themselves, however, have not been adequately discussed. 33 The need to ensure inter-operability across databases through standardization of collection, storage and benefit-sharing practices 34 and to deploy a 'coordinating tracking system' 35 has also been underscored. Others raised the concern that the immediate provision of samples and of information on marine genetic resources may act as a disincentive for scientists, 36 presumably on the understanding that it takes time to determine the potential value of genetic resources and other scientists may be able to determine it without taking the risks and bearing the costs of bioprospecting in areas beyond national jurisdiction.…”

Section: The Current Operational Focus On Benefitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fair and Equitable Benefit-Sharing in a New Treaty on Marine Biodiversity: A Principled Approach Towards Partnership Building?

Morgera

2018

SSRN Journal

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This article suggests a principled approach to the negotiations on benefit-sharing from the use of marine genetic resources under a new international legally binding instrument on marine biodiversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction (BBNJ). It first reflects on the terms in which benefit-sharing has been discussed in the BBNJ negotiations until now, which have been characterized by an operational concern for the type of benefits that could be accrued and distributed. It then contrasts the negotiations with insights arising from other international benefit-sharing regimes, with a view to suggesting a more principled approach focused on 'sharing' benefits 'fairly and equitably. ' This helps highlight the potential value added of benefit-sharing to foster deeper and cosmopolitan international cooperation (that is, a global partnership) vis-à-vis existing international obligations on marine scientific research, capacity building, marine technology transfer and the protection of the marine environment. The article then applies these considerations to the thorny and novel question of digital information on marine genetic resources of areas beyond national jurisdiction.

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“…This mechanism will also seek to facilitate effective scientific, technical and financial cooperation; the inclusion in national strategic plans of specific components of marine technology transfer; and the establishment of (sub-)regional focal points for the transfer of marine technology. 56 Meanwhile, the IOC fosters cooperation through programmes such as the Biology and Ecosystems Panel of the Global Ocean Observing System [69], and facilitates knowledge exchange and sharing of data and information through such platforms as the International Oceanographic Data and Information Exchange and the Ocean 37 UNCLOS, Article 275. 38 UNCLOS, Article 62(4)(j).…”

Section: Multilateral Information-sharingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Commentators have thus highlighted the importance of the direct involvement of corporations at the multilateral level, which may provide "the most productive context for the development of sound legal provisions for the transfer of technology, since it would offer the best guarantee of binding force: a true balance of obligation assuring mutual benefit" [57, p. 270]. The level of protection assigned to the interests of marine technology holders under UNCLOS is that of States' "due regard" for the rights and duties of holders, suppliers and recipients of 57 The webpage of the Ocean Biogeographic Information System (OBIS) can be ac-marine technology, 69 which has been criticised for its weak formulation. 70 One way to navigate around the tensions between technology transfer obligations and the international protection of intellectual property is through multi-stakeholder partnerships, as highlighted in the IOC Criteria and Guidelines.…”

Section: Partnershipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…83 The platform has brought together a network of public and private institutions that collaborate in delivering a combination of information-sharing, capacity-building and technology co-development and transfer with facilitated access to genetic material. The initiative is meant to identify real needs of targeted beneficiaries (small-scale farmers and their communities), assembling technology packets that 69 [94].…”

Section: Partnershipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Linking Small-Scale Fisheries to International Obligations on Marine Technology Transfer

Morgera

Ntona

2017

SSRN Journal

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A B S T R A C TThis article analyses the interplay between inter-State obligations to increase scientific knowledge, develop research capacity and transfer marine technology in accordance with Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 14.a, with a view to contributing to enhanced implementation of the international law of the sea (SDG 14.c), and providing access for small-scale artisanal fishers to marine resources (SDG 14.b). It proposes to do so by relying not only on the international law of the sea, but also on international biodiversity law (particularly the Convention on Biological Diversity) and international human rights law (particularly the human right to science). The article seeks to provide a reflection on the opportunities arising from a mutually supportive interpretation of different international law instruments with regard to the means of implementation for SDG 14 in synergy with other SDGs (particularly SDG 17 on 'Partnerships for the Goals' and its targets related to technology transfer, capacity-building and partnerships). (M. Ntona). 1 The plurality of terms used to describe small-scale fisheries, including artisanal, inshore, traditional, municipal and subsistence, is a testament to the lack of consensus on how to talk about different categories of fishing. Some of these terms feature more prominently in specific geographical contexts. At the global level, it is perhaps more useful to refer to a list of the main dimensions that often characterise small-scale fisheries: D.S. Johnson [7], p. 749.

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Marine science and technology transfer: Can the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission advance governance of biodiversity beyond national jurisdiction?

Cited by 22 publications

References 23 publications

Linking Capacity Development to GOOS Monitoring Networks to Achieve Sustained Ocean Observation

Linking Capacity Development to GOOS Monitoring Networks to Achieve Sustained Ocean Observation

Fair and Equitable Benefit-Sharing in a New Treaty on Marine Biodiversity: A Principled Approach Towards Partnership Building?

Linking Small-Scale Fisheries to International Obligations on Marine Technology Transfer

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