Marine terraces caused by fast steady uplift and small coseismic uplift and the time-predictable model: Case of Kikai Island, Ryukyu Islands, Japan

Shikakura, Yosuke

doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2014.08.003

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…However, a single age is not enough to determine if the uplift rate has been steady or variable through time. LEMs have been largely used to analyze the development of coastal landscapes under variation of sea level and uplift, simulating various processes for generating and degrading marine terraces including sediment transport and deposition, cliff retreat and diffusion, fluvial incision, and coral growth among others (e.g., Anderson et al, 1999;Hanks et al, 1984;Jara-Muñoz et al, 2017;Melnick, 2016;Nakamura & Nakamori, 2007;Refice et al, 2012;Shikakura, 2014;Storms & Swift, 2003;Thébaudeau et al, 2013). Based on the wave erosion and dissipation model of Anderson et al (1999), our LEM simulates the formation of bedrock carved marine terraces under an oscillating sea level and constant or time-varying uplift rate.…”

Section: Landscape Evolution Model (Lem)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Variable Quaternary Uplift Along the Southern Margin of the Central Anatolian Plateau Inferred From Modeling Marine Terrace Sequences

et al. 2020

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The southern margin of the Central Anatolian Plateau (CAP) records a strong uplift phase after the early Middle Pleistocene, which has been related to the slab break-off of the subducting Arabian plate beneath the Anatolian microplate. During the last 450 kyr the area underwent an uplift phase at a mean rate of ~3.2 m/kyr, as suggested by Middle Pleistocene marine sediments exposed at ~1500 meters above sea level. These values are significantly higher than the 1.0-1.5 m/kyr estimated since the Late Pleistocene, suggesting temporal variations in uplift rate. To estimate changes in uplift rate during the Pleistocene we studied the marine terraces along the CAP southern margin, mapping the remnants of the platforms and their associated deposits in the field, and used the TerraceM software to identify the position and elevation of associated shoreline angles. We used shoreline angles and the timing of Quaternary marine sedimentation as constrains for a Landscape Evolution Model that simulates wave erosion of an uplifting coast. We applied random optimization algorithms and minimization statistics to find the input parameters that better reproduce the morphology of CAP marine terraces. The best-fitting uplift rate history suggests a significative increase from 1.9 to 3.5 m/kyr between 500 and 200 kyr, followed by an abrupt decrease to 1.4 m/kyr until the present. Our results agree with slab break-off models, which suggest a strong uplift pulse during slab rupture followed by a smoother decrease.

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Section: Landscape Evolution Model (Lem)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Variable Quaternary Uplift Along the Southern Margin of the Central Anatolian Plateau Inferred From Modeling Marine Terrace Sequences

et al. 2020

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“…Marine terraces have been also used as reference horizons to track tectonic deformation and associated fault-slip rates along tectonically active coasts. In numerous studies on marine terraces, detailed topographic information has provided the necessary data to infer earthquake recurrence at millennial time scales (e.g., Armijo et al, 1996;Athanassas and Fountoulis, 2013;Bloom and Yonekura, 1985;Fairbanks and Matthews, 1978;Gesch et al, 2002;Matsuda et al, 1978;Melnick et al, 2009;Ota et al, 1991;Plafker and Rubin, 1978;Shikakura, 2014;Strecker et al, 1986;Valensise and Pantosti, 1992;Yildirim et al, 2013). Furthermore, the staircase morphologies of differentially uplifted marine terraces have also helped to identify coastal seismo-tectonic segments that sustain their geomorphic characteristics over much longer time scales (Chen et al, 2011;Gesch et al, 2002;Taylor et al, 1987;Victor et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

TerraceM: A MATLAB® tool to analyze marine and lacustrine terraces using high-resolution topography

2015

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High-resolution topographic data greatly facilitate the remote identification of geomorphic features, furnishing valuable information concerning surface processes and characterization of reference markers for quantifying tectonic deformation. Marine terraces have been used as long baseline geodetic markers of relative past sea-level positions, reflecting the interplay between vertical crustal movements and sea-level oscillations. Uplift rates may be determined from the terrace age and the elevation of its shoreline angle, a geomorphic feature that can be correlated with past sea-levels positions. A precise definition of the shoreline angle in time and space is essential to obtain reliable uplift rates with coherent spatial correlation. To improve our ability to rapidly assess and map shoreline angles at regional and local scales, we have developed TerraceM, a MATLAB® graphical user interface that allows the shoreline angle and its associated error to be estimated using high-resolution topography. TerraceM uses topographic swath profiles oriented orthogonally to the terrace riser. Four functions are included to analyze the swath profiles and extract the shoreline angle, from both staircase sequences of multiple terraces and rough coasts characterized by eroded remnants of emerged terrace surfaces. The former are measured by outlining the paleocliffs and paleoplatforms and finding their intersection by extrapolating linear regressions, whereas the latter are assessed by automatically detecting peaks of sea-stack tops and back-projecting them to the modern sea cliff. In the absence of rigorous absolute age determinations of marine terraces, their geomorphic age may be estimated using previously published diffusion models. Postprocessing functions are included to obtain first-order statistics of shoreline-angle elevations and their spatial distribution. TerraceM has the ability to process series of profiles from several sites in an efficient and structured workflow. Results may be exported in Google Earth and ESRI shapefile formats. The precision and accuracy of the method have been estimated from a case study at Santa Cruz, California, by comparing TerraceM results with published field measurements. The repeatability was evaluated using multiple measurements made by inexperienced users. TerraceM will improve the efficiency and precision of estimating shoreline-angle elevations in wave-cut terraces in both marine and lacustrine environments.

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“…The application of LEMs in wave-dominated coastal systems have allowed studying diverse processes shaping the landscape, such as relative sea-level variations, vertical deformation, coral reef growth rates, sediment transport and deposition, cliff retreat and diffusion, eolian transport, and river erosion among others (e.g., Hanks et al, 1984;Anderson et al, 1999;Storms and Swift, 2003;Nakamura and Nakamori, 2007;Refice et al, 2012;Thébaudeau et al, 2013;Kline et al, 2014;Shikakura, 2014;Melnick, 2016;Husson et al, 2018;Limber and Barnard, 2018). The application of LEMs for modeling the development of sequences of coastal terraces sequences can provide valuable chronological information in the absence of terrace ages (e.g., Jara-Muñoz et al, 2017; Bilbao-Lasa et al, 2019).…”

Section: Architecture and Inputsmentioning

confidence: 99%

TerraceM-2: A Matlab® Interface for Mapping and Modeling Marine and Lacustrine Terraces

et al. 2019

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Marine terraces caused by fast steady uplift and small coseismic uplift and the time-predictable model: Case of Kikai Island, Ryukyu Islands, Japan

Cited by 14 publications

References 24 publications

Variable Quaternary Uplift Along the Southern Margin of the Central Anatolian Plateau Inferred From Modeling Marine Terrace Sequences

Variable Quaternary Uplift Along the Southern Margin of the Central Anatolian Plateau Inferred From Modeling Marine Terrace Sequences

TerraceM: A MATLAB® tool to analyze marine and lacustrine terraces using high-resolution topography

TerraceM-2: A Matlab® Interface for Mapping and Modeling Marine and Lacustrine Terraces

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