Marine versus Continental Sources of Iodine and Selenium in Rainfall at Two European High-Altitude Locations

Suess, Elke; Aemisegger, Franziska; Sonke, Jeroen E.; Sprenger, Michael; Wernli, Heini; Winkel, Lenny H. E.

doi:10.1021/acs.est.8b05533

Cited by 28 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 118 publications

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“…This is in agreement with a study looking at long-term inputs and outputs of iodine into UK pastures (Bowley et al, 2017). This reinforces the view that iodine species, primarily iodide and iodate, are immobile in soils (Takeda et al, 2015), and thus iodide predominantly present in fresh depositional inputs are the driver of iodine transfer through into vegetation (Gilfedder et al, 2008;Suess et al, 2019). To place the depositional findings in context, they can be considered with respect to soil stores and grass offtake.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Atmospherically deposited iodine into soil is the primary entry point of this nutrient into the terrestrial food-chain in maritime influenced habitats, with iodine being elevated in marine ecosystem (Suess et al, 2019). Wet and dry deposited iodine is derived from sea-spray in addition to marine biovolatilization (Smyth and Johnson, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As seaspray has a relatively short range, soils in closer proximity to marine environments are enriched in this element (Smyth et al, 2011). Terrestrial biovolatilization of iodine, and subsequent redeposition, is thought to be important in a continental setting (Suess et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Feed-derived iodine overrides environmental contribution to cow milk

McKernan

Meharg

Carey

et al. 2020

Journal of Dairy Science

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Iodine is deficient in diets worldwide, leading to a range of undesirable health affects at the population level. Dairy products are a primary source of iodine in the diets for those populations in which iodised salt is not systematically utilised or available. Yet, the flows of iodine through dairy agroecosystems are not well understood. The aim of this research was to investigate iodine flows though the dairy agroecosystem; including the influence of atmospheric depositional inputs, environmental variables, season, husbandry and diet. Three farm based sampling campaigns were conducted in this investigation with milk, soil, silage, grass and feed iodine determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy, and non-parametric statistical analysis tests were conducted on data sets obtained. Natural iodine inputs into the environment are dominated by atmospheric deposition, which was dominated by sea spray, and thus location of farms to coast and prevailing wind direction. Herbage, and silage produced from herbage, strongly correlated with soil iodine, yet there was a strong disconnect between soil, forage and feed and the milk that results. This was due to the levels of iodine in supplemental feeds being ~10-fold higher than in forage derived feeds. The practice of feed supplementation, accentuated by summer housing of cows, led to elevated milk iodine.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Feed-derived iodine overrides environmental contribution to cow milk

McKernan

Meharg

Carey

et al. 2020

Journal of Dairy Science

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“…Reference Location Suzuki et al (1981) Tokyo, Japan Arimoto et al (1985) Marshall Islands Cutter and Church (1986) Delaware and Bermuda Arimoto et al (1987) American Samoa Dasch and Wolff (1989) Massachusetts, USA Heaton et al (1990) Rhode Island, USA Cutter (1993) Bermuda Scudlark et al (1994) Maryland, USA (two sites) Al- Momani et al (1997) Antalya, Turkey Cutter and Cutter (1998) Mace Head, Ireland Lawson andMason (2001) Maryland, USA De Gregori et al (2002) Valparaiso, Chile Scudlark et al (2005) Maryland, USA Sakata et al (2006) Japan (10 sites) Shimamura et al (2007) Tokyo, Japan Landing et al 2010 lifetime is resampled to calculate the probability distribution of this output, given our assumptions for the uncertainty ranges of all 34 parameters (Sect. 3.5).…”

Section: Reference Locationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping the drivers of uncertainty in atmospheric selenium deposition with global sensitivity analysis

et al. 2020

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Abstract. An estimated 0.5–1 billion people globally have inadequate intakes of selenium (Se), due to a lack of bioavailable Se in agricultural soils. Deposition from the atmosphere, especially through precipitation, is an important source of Se to soils. However, very little is known about the atmospheric cycling of Se. It has therefore been difficult to predict how far Se travels in the atmosphere and where it deposits. To answer these questions, we have built the first global atmospheric Se model by implementing Se chemistry in an aerosol–chemistry–climate model, SOCOL-AER (modeling tools for studies of SOlar Climate Ozone Links – aerosol). In the model, we include information from the literature about the emissions, speciation, and chemical transformation of atmospheric Se. Natural processes and anthropogenic activities emit volatile Se compounds, which oxidize quickly and partition to the particulate phase. Our model tracks the transport and deposition of Se in seven gas-phase species and 41 aerosol tracers. However, there are large uncertainties associated with many of the model's input parameters. In order to identify which model uncertainties are the most important for understanding the atmospheric Se cycle, we conducted a global sensitivity analysis with 34 input parameters related to Se chemistry, Se emissions, and the interaction of Se with aerosols. In the first bottom-up estimate of its kind, we have calculated a median global atmospheric lifetime of 4.4 d (days), ranging from 2.9 to 6.4 d (2nd–98th percentile range) given the uncertainties of the input parameters. The uncertainty in the Se lifetime is mainly driven by the uncertainty in the carbonyl selenide (OCSe) oxidation rate and the lack of tropospheric aerosol species other than sulfate aerosols in SOCOL-AER. In contrast to uncertainties in Se lifetime, the uncertainty in deposition flux maps are governed by Se emission factors, with all four Se sources (volcanic, marine biosphere, terrestrial biosphere, and anthropogenic emissions) contributing equally to the uncertainty in deposition over agricultural areas. We evaluated the simulated Se wet deposition fluxes from SOCOL-AER with a compiled database of rainwater Se measurements, since wet deposition contributes around 80 % of total Se deposition. Despite difficulties in comparing a global, coarse-resolution model with local measurements from a range of time periods, past Se wet deposition measurements are within the range of the model's 2nd–98th percentiles at 79 % of background sites. This agreement validates the application of the SOCOL-AER model to identifying regions which are at risk of low atmospheric Se inputs. In order to constrain the uncertainty in Se deposition fluxes over agricultural soils, we should prioritize field campaigns measuring Se emissions, rather than laboratory measurements of Se rate constants.

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“…Further investigations of chemical reactivity of Se species or the speciation of emissions are a lower priority, although measuring the speciation of emissions can give mechanistic insights into emission processes. The emission uncertainties could be constrained by conducting field campaigns that either measure emission fluxes of Se close to sources (e.g., Amouroux et al, 2001) or separate Se source contributions at an ambient measurement site through trajectory modeling and/or speciation measurements (e.g., Suess et al, 2019). Our model results can help identify ambient locations that would be interesting to study for field campaigns, by mapping the contribution of the Se emission sources to deposition in different regions (Fig.…”

Section: Comparison With Deposition Flux Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping the drivers of uncertainty in atmospheric selenium deposition with global sensitivity analysis

Feinberg¹,

Moustapha²,

Stenke³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Abstract. An estimated 0.5&#8211;1 billion people globally have inadequate intakes of selenium (Se), due to a lack of bioavailable Se in agricultural soils. Deposition from the atmosphere, especially through precipitation, is an important source of Se to soils. However, very little is known about the atmospheric cycling of Se. It has therefore been difficult to predict how far Se travels in the atmosphere and where it deposits. To answer these questions, we have built the first global atmospheric Se model by implementing Se chemistry into an aerosol&#8211;chemistry&#8211;climate model, SOCOL-AER. In the model, we include information from the literature about the emissions, speciation, and chemical transformation of atmospheric Se. Natural processes and anthropogenic activities emit volatile Se compounds, which oxidize quickly and partition to the particulate phase. Our model tracks the transport and deposition of Se in 7 gas-phase species and 41 aerosol tracers. However, there are large uncertainties associated with many of the model's input parameters. In order to identify which model uncertainties are the most important for understanding the atmospheric Se cycle, we conducted a global sensitivity analysis with 34 input parameters related to Se chemistry, Se emissions, and the interaction of Se with aerosols. In the first bottom-up estimate of its kind, we have calculated a median global atmospheric lifetime of 4.4&#8201;d (days), ranging from 2.9&#8211;6.4&#8201;d (2nd&#8211;98th percentile) given the uncertainties of the input parameters. The uncertainty in the Se lifetime is mainly driven by the uncertainty in the carbonyl selenide (OCSe) oxidation rate and the lack of tropospheric aerosol species other than sulfate aerosols in SOCOL-AER. In contrast to uncertainties in Se lifetime, the uncertainty in deposition flux maps are governed by Se emission factors, with all four Se sources (volcanic, marine biosphere, terrestrial biosphere, and anthropogenic emissions) contributing equally to the uncertainty in deposition over agricultural areas. We evaluated the simulated Se wet deposition fluxes from SOCOL-AER with a compiled database of rainwater Se measurements, since wet deposition contributes around 80&#8201;% of total Se deposition. Despite difficulties in comparing a global, coarse resolution model with local measurements from a range of time periods, past Se wet deposition measurements are within the range of the model's 2nd&#8211;98th percentile at 79&#8201;% of background sites. This agreement validates the application of the SOCOL-AER model to identifying regions which are at risk of low atmospheric Se inputs. In order to constrain the uncertainty in Se deposition fluxes over agricultural soils we should prioritize field campaigns measuring Se emissions, rather than laboratory measurements of Se rate constants.

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Marine versus Continental Sources of Iodine and Selenium in Rainfall at Two European High-Altitude Locations

Cited by 28 publications

References 118 publications

Feed-derived iodine overrides environmental contribution to cow milk

Feed-derived iodine overrides environmental contribution to cow milk

Mapping the drivers of uncertainty in atmospheric selenium deposition with global sensitivity analysis

Mapping the drivers of uncertainty in atmospheric selenium deposition with global sensitivity analysis

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