Marine Wind and Wave Height Trends at Different ERA-Interim Forecast Ranges

Aarnes, Ole Johan; Abdalla, Saleh; Bidlot, Jean‐Raymond; Breivik, Øyvind

doi:10.1175/jcli-d-14-00470.1

Cited by 105 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…This qualitative analysis is even more necessary when the surface wind speed has a high seasonal variability like along the EBCCS, as shown [51,52]. The ERA-Interim wave heights have been compared to five in situ wave measurements, with good results and, despite its resolution, ERA-Interim has proved to be suited to the regional analysis of the wave field along the EBCCS, in line with what had been previously shown by [37,38], for the analysis of the lower atmosphere winds in the area.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

“…Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) sensors are the only remote-sensing instruments capable of measuring wave spectra, but the retrieval of wave spectra from SAR images still entails problems that limit its full operational use [36]. Wave reanalysis or hindcasts offer a good and sufficiently long alternative to these limitations, despite some problems, like the lack of homogeneity due to observations still present [37,38].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seasonal Variability of Wind Sea and Swell Waves Climate along the Canary Current: The Local Wind Effect

Semedo

2018

JMSE

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A climatology of wind sea and swell waves along the Canary eastern boundary current area, from west Iberia to Mauritania, is presented. The study is based on the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) reanalysis ERA-Interim. The wind regime along the Canary Current, along west Iberia and north-west Africa, varies significantly from winter to summer. High summer wind speeds generate high wind sea waves, particularly along the coasts of Morocco and Western Sahara. Lower winter wind speeds, along with stronger extratropical storms crossing the North Atlantic sub-basin up north lead to a predominance of swell waves in the area during from December to February. In summer, the coast parallel wind interacts with the coastal headlands, increasing the wind speed and the locally generated waves. The spatial patterns of the wind sea or swell regional wave fields are shown to be different from the open ocean, due to coastal geometry, fetch dimensions, and island sheltering.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal Variability of Wind Sea and Swell Waves Climate along the Canary Current: The Local Wind Effect

Semedo

2018

JMSE

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“…The correlation decreases in comparison to the 6hour full data sample (see Table 5) with the lowest value in Pylos (0.32) and the highest in Athos (0.65). The �ig�er mean �f ��e upper 10% is in Myk�n�s 15�93m/s (bu�y) and 14�49m/s (ERA�In�erim)� Furthermore, BIAS is positive for all locations, clearly showing the underestimate of ERA-Interim high wind speeds, a result that is in agreement with other studies as well (Ardhuin et al, 2007;S�anas & Sanil Kumar, 2013;S��pa & C�eung, 2014;Carval�� et al, 2014b;Aarnes et al, 2015;S�anas & Kumar, 2015;).…”

Section: Sub-daily Analysissupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Recent research studies have used ERAInterim (after comparing them with other reanalysis datasets and in-situ data) for the description of regional marine characteristics (Aarnes et al, 2015;Carval�� et al, 2012;Lilé� et al, 2013;M��ney et al, 2011;S�anas & Kumar, 2015;S�anas and Sanil Kumar, 2013;Cheung, 2014, Soukissian et al, 2017), for assessing seasonal cycles and teleconnection patterns (Feng et al, 2014;S��pa et al, 2013) and as inputs in hydrodynamic models ( Martin et al, 2012;Alves & Miranda, 2013;Appendini et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of in-situ wind speed and wave height measurements against reanalysis data for the Greek Seas

et al. 2017

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ERA-Interim, ECMWF’s reanalysis product, includes wave and atmospheric characteristics, with high temporal and spatial scale, providing more information on the marine state. Even though their assimilation process has been validated and verified in numerous studies, their performance in more local scales is still under examination. This research focuses on the evaluation of performance of ERA-Interim reanalysis datasets in the Greek Seas for wind and wave characteristics in comparison to POSEIDON buoy data. The results prove fair to good correlation for wave height (r = 0.67-0.94) and wind speed (r= 0.71-0.83) and different error statistics per sub-region. The upper 10% analysis shows an underestimate of 10-15% for wind speed and wave height from ERA-Interim in relation to the buoy measurements. The ERA-Interim and the buoy monthly means and standard deviations are also presented and discussed according to seasonal patterns. The results of the study are compared to other researches of wave hindcasting and wind reanalysis data for the Greek Seas and globally. It is shown that ERA-Interim products could be regarded as representative for the Greek Seas, although their application should be made with caution regarding the assessment of extreme conditions (i.e. given in analyses of upper percentiles) and especially at nearshore locations due to complex coastline configuration enhanced by the great number of islands.

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“…In addition, we replicate the procedures above for the sparsely distributed stations over western China and the Tibetan Plateau. The PMTred algorithm and the QM adjustment have recently been used successfully to homogenize climatic time series (Aarnes et al, 2015;Tsidu, 2012;Dai et al, 2011;Siswanto et al, 2015;Wang and Wang, 2016;Zhou et al, 2017). As such, the significant breakpoints are detected and adjusted at a confidence level of 95 % at 1092 of the 2193 …”

Section: Methods Used To Homogenize the Observed Time Seriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the suitability of current atmospheric reanalyses for regional warming studies over China

Zhou

Wang

2018

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. Reanalyses are widely used because they add value to routine observations by generating physically or dynamically consistent and spatiotemporally complete atmospheric fields. Existing studies include extensive discussions of the temporal suitability of reanalyses in studies of global change. This study adds to this existing work by investigating the suitability of reanalyses in studies of regional climate change, in which land-atmosphere interactions play a comparatively important role. In this study, surface air temperatures (T a ) from 12 current reanalysis products are investigated; in particular, the spatial patterns of trends in T a are examined using homogenized measurements of T a made at ∼ 2200 meteorological stations in China from 1979 to 2010. The results show that ∼ 80 % of the mean differences in T a between the reanalyses and the in situ observations can be attributed to the differences in elevation between the stations and the model grids. Thus, the T a climatologies display good skill, and these findings rebut previous reports of biases in T a . However, the biases in theT a trends in the reanalyses diverge spatially (standard deviation = 0.15-0.30 • C decade −1 using 1 • × 1 • grid cells). The simulated biases in the trends in T a correlate well with those of precipitation frequency, surface incident solar radiation (R s ) and atmospheric downward longwave radiation (L d ) among the reanalyses (r = −0.83, 0.80 and 0.77; p < 0.1) when the spatial patterns of these variables are considered. The biases in the trends in T a over southern China (on the order of −0.07 • C decade −1 ) are caused by biases in the trends in R s , L d and precipitation frequency on the order of 0.10, −0.08 and −0.06 • C decade −1 , respectively. The biases in the trends in T a over northern China (on the order of −0.12 • C decade −1 ) result jointly from those in L d and precipitation frequency. Therefore, improving the simulation of precipitation frequency and R s helps to maximize the signal component corresponding to regional climate. In addition, the analysis of T a observations helps represent regional warming in ERA-Interim and JRA-55. Incorporating vegetation dynamics in reanalyses and the use of accurate aerosol information, as in the Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, version 2 (MERRA-2), would lead to improvements in the modelling of regional warming. The use of the ensemble technique adopted in the twentieth-century atmospheric model ensemble ERA-20CM significantly narrows the uncertainties associated with regional warming in reanalyses (standard deviation = 0.15 • C decade −1 ).

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Marine Wind and Wave Height Trends at Different ERA-Interim Forecast Ranges

Cited by 105 publications

References 55 publications

Seasonal Variability of Wind Sea and Swell Waves Climate along the Canary Current: The Local Wind Effect

Seasonal Variability of Wind Sea and Swell Waves Climate along the Canary Current: The Local Wind Effect

Evaluation of in-situ wind speed and wave height measurements against reanalysis data for the Greek Seas

On the suitability of current atmospheric reanalyses for regional warming studies over China

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