“…While prior empirical research identified a number of personal traits such as gender (Faccio et al., 2016), marital status (Hilary et al., 2017), tenure (Ali & Zhang, 2015; Hazarika et al., 2012), financial work experience (Gounopoulos, & Pham, 2018), age and education (Qi et al., 2018), overconfidence (Kouaib, & Jarboui, 2016a and Kouaib & Jarboui, 2016b), and power (Sheikh, 2018), which impact management behavior, studies investigating the impact of religion on earnings management are scant. From a financial reporting perspective, religiosity appears to operate as a control mechanism restricting managerial discretion (Callen & Fang, 2015) and plays a role of an informal (social) norm determining managers’ earnings management choices, at least as strongly as formal institutions (Halabi et al., 2019).…”