Marital status and the risk of suicide.

Smith, Jack C.; Mercy, James A.; Conn, Judith M.

doi:10.2105/ajph.78.1.78

Cited by 197 publications

(127 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…34 Marriage, however, is often reported as a protective factor against suicide. 35,36 Given these conflicting findings, further investigation is merited to clarify the role of marital status in suicide risk.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Effects of Executive Functioning on Suicide Attempts

Burton¹,

Vella²,

Weller³

et al. 2011

Journal of Neuropsychiatry

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Suicide is common among individuals with psychiatric illness; executive functioning may be associated with suicide risk. The authors examined demographic, clinical, and executive-functioning variables in suicide ideators and suicide attempters, hypothesizing that attempters would demonstrate poorer executive-functioning skills. Seventy-seven participants with psychiatric illness completed a neuropsychological battery while hospitalized or residing in crisis-houses after expressing suicidal ideation (N=40) or making a suicide attempt (N=37). Logistic regression predicted suicide Ideator versus suicide Attempter status; suicide Attempters exhibited poorer inhibition but better problem-solving ability than suicide Ideators. Suicide attempt risk may be associated with better problem-solving skills, but worse inhibitory control.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Effects of Executive Functioning on Suicide Attempts

Burton¹,

Vella²,

Weller³

et al. 2011

Journal of Neuropsychiatry

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“…Depression, 2,6 schizophrenia, [32][33][34] alcohol and illicit drug use, 35,36 suicidal ideation and suicide attempts, 11 developing cancer, 37-39 not being married, and otherwise being socially isolated 40,41 are risk factors for suicide that are more common among smokers than among nonsmokers. Compared with nonsmokers, smokers also tend to act out hostility and have obsessional traits and anxiety.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cigarettes and suicide: a prospective study of 50,000 men

Miller

Hemenway²,

Rimm³

2000

Am J Public Health

123

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A B S T R A C TObjectives. This study examined the relation between smoking and suicide, controlling for various confounders.Methods. More than 50 000 predominantly White, middle-aged and elderly male health professionals were followed up prospectively with biennial questionnaires from 1986 through 1994. The primary end point was suicide. Characteristics controlled for included age, marital status, body mass index, physical activity, alcohol intake, coffee consumption, and history of cancer.Results. Eighty-two members of the cohort committed suicide during the 8-year follow-up period. In age-adjusted analyses with never smokers as the comparison group, the relative risk of suicide was 1.4 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.8, 2.3) among former smokers, 2.6 (95% CI = 0.9, 7.5) for light smokers (<15 cigarettes/day), and 4.5 (95% CI = 2.3, 8.8) among heavier smokers. After adjustment for potential confounders, the relative risks were 1.4 (95% CI = 0.9, 2.4), 2.5 (95% CI = 0.9, 7.3), and 4.3 (95% CI = 2.2, 8.5), respectively.Conclusion. We found a positive, dose-related association between smoking and suicide among White men. Although inference about causality is not justified, our findings indicate that the smoking-suicide connection is not entirely due to the greater tendency among smokers to be unmarried, to be seden- 1 Although the nature of the relation between cigarette smoking and disease has been most convincingly demonstrated for physical illness, several researchers have linked smoking to mental illness, especially depression. 2-14Almost a dozen studies have shown a significant association between smoking and suicide. However, many of these studies were small and did not control for characteristics common to both smokers and persons who commit suicide.13,15-25 For example, only 2 prospective studies with more than 20 suicides controlled for alcohol intake-and these yielded conflicting results. 18,22 In this article, we present data on more than 50 000 men followed up prospectively for 8 years. Our analysis controlled for several potentially important behavioral, situational, and demographic factors that have been identified in the suicide, smoking, and depression literature. In addition, the investigation evaluated the relation between suicide and smoking, while taking into account changes in smoking status during follow-up. The study also examined prospectively the contribution of developing cancer to the association between smoking and suicide.

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“…Among non-spinal injured persons, those who are married have been shown to have lower suicide rates than those who have never been married, those who are divorced, or those who are widowed (Smith et al, 1988). Since previous studies have shown that divorce rates are higher and marriage rates are lower among persons with SCI than comparable individuals from the general population (DeVivo et al, 1985;, future studies should consider the effect of marital status on the suicide rate in the SCI population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suicide following spinal cord injury

et al. 1991

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SummaryA study of 9135 persons injured between 1973 and 1984 and treated at any of 13 model regional spinal cord injury (SCI) care systems was conducted. Follow-up ended December 31, 1985, by which time 50 persons had committed suicide (6'3% of deaths). Based on age-sex-race-specific rates for the general population, 10'2 suicides were expected to occur. Therefore, the standardized mortality ratio (SMR) for suicide was 4'9. The highestSMR occurred 1 to 5 years after injury. The SMR was also elevated for the first post-injury year, but was not significantly elevated after the fifth year. The SMR was significantly elevated for all neurological groups, but was highest for persons with complete paraplegia. The SMR was highest for persons aged 25 to 54 years, but was also elevated for persons aged less than 25 years. Suicide was the leading cause of death for persons with complete paraplegia and the second leading cause of death for persons with incomplete paraplegia. The most common means of committing suicide was by gunshot. These figures demonstrate the need for increased staff, patient and family awareness of this problem, and improved follow-up assessment and psychosocial support programmes.

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Marital status and the risk of suicide.

Cited by 197 publications

References 6 publications

Differential Effects of Executive Functioning on Suicide Attempts

Differential Effects of Executive Functioning on Suicide Attempts

Cigarettes and suicide: a prospective study of 50,000 men

Suicide following spinal cord injury

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