Marker molecules of human endometrial differentiation can be hormonally regulated under in-vitro conditions as in-vivo

Triphasic pattern in the ex vivo response of human proliferative phase endometrium to oestrogens

“…showed that PR expression was enhanced in co cultures prepared from proliferative endometria treated with 17␤-E2 [23]. In our study we observed little effects of 17␤-E2 treatment in the EP and LP phase explants, indicating that the physical separation and extended culture periods of at least 6 days may disrupt the natural responsiveness of the tissue.…”

“…Many studies have addressed the response of cultures of isolated stromal and epithelial cells from normal human endometrium either in separate or combined cultures [22,23]. From the studies of Pierro et al [22], using LP phase endometrium, it became evident that 17␤-E2 can stimulate proliferation in epithelial cells only in the presence of stromal cells, illustrating the importance of both cell types in controlling endometrial growth.…”

Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1-induced human endometrial stromal cell decidualization through extracellular signal-regulated kinase and Smad activation in vitro: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma acts as a negative regulator of TGF-β1

“…PRL and IGFBP-I are generally accepted as markers of decidualization (1)(2)(3). This differentiation process can be induced in vitro by P in E 2 -treated cultures (4,5), by ligands that are coupled to the cAMP pathway, such as prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) (6) and gonadotropins (7), and by cAMP alone (8).…”

A three-dimensional culture model of canine uterine glands

“…Both steroid receptors were distributed comparable to physiological conditions and were reported as markers for endometrial differentiation in human endometrial cell culture (Classen-Linke et al 1998). Responsiveness and functionality of the receptors has to be tested in follow-up studies.…”