Markers for monitoring overtraining and recovery

Hooper, Sue; Mackinnon, Laurel Traeger; Howard, Alf; Gordon, Richard D.; Bachmann, Anthony W.

doi:10.1249/00005768-199501000-00019

Cited by 321 publications

(303 citation statements)

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“…Before each experimental session, the Hooper index was used to monitor the participants' feeling for quality of sleep of the previous night, the perceived quantity of stress, delayed onset muscle soreness, and fatigue (23). During the experimental sessions per se, participants started by completing a specific standardized warm-up, which is characterized by 3 parts (36).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time Interval Moderates the Relationship Between Psyching-up and Actual Sprint Performance

Hammoudi-Nassib

Chtara

Nassib

et al. 2014

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

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Hammoudi-Nassib, S, Chtara, M, Nassib, S, Briki, W, Hammoudi-Riahi, S, Tod, D, and Chamari, K. Time interval moderates the relationship between psyching-up and actual sprint performance. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2014-This study attempted to test whether the strongest effect of psyching-up (PU) strategy on actual sprint performance can be observed when the strategy is used immediately (or almost) before performance compared with when there is a delay between PU and performance. To do so, 16 male sprinters (age, 20.6 6 1.3 years; body mass, 77.5 6 7.1 kg; height, 180.8 6 5.6 cm) were enrolled in a counterbalanced experimental design in which participants were randomly assigned to 10 sessions (2 [Experimental Condition: imagery vs. distraction] 3 5 [Time Intervals: no interval, 1 minute, 2 minutes, 3 minutes, and 5 minutes]). Before performing the experimental tasks, participants rated: (a) the Hooper index, (b) their degree of self-confidence, and (c) after the completion of the experimental test; they rated their perceived effort. Findings showed that the imagery significantly improved sprint performance. Specifically, the imagery enhanced performance on the phase of acceleration (0-10 m) and on the overall sprint (0-30 m) when used immediately before performance and at 1-and 2-minute intervals but not for 3-and 5-minute intervals. These findings support the hypothesis that the potential effect of the PU strategy on performance vanishes over time. The preexperimental task Hooper and self-efficacy indexes did not change across the 10 experimental sessions, reinforcing the view that the observed performance changes were directly caused by the experimental manipulation and not through any altered status of the athletes (self-efficacy, fatigue/recovery, and stress). The potential mechanisms underlying such a process and practical applications are discussed.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time Interval Moderates the Relationship Between Psyching-up and Actual Sprint Performance

Hammoudi-Nassib

Chtara

Nassib

et al. 2014

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

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“…This leukocyte trafficking reflect recruitment into the circulation of neutrophils and could be related to hemodynamic changes as increased cardiac output, hyperthermia or could reflect changes in circulating stress hormones, particularly epinephrine and cortisol, released during exercise (42). Resting leukocyte number is generally normal in athletes, although long periods of high-volume training may be associated with long lasting suppression of circulating cell numbers, which may persist low over weeks (43). This may be attributed to migration of leukocytes out of the circulation to possible damaged skeletal muscle (44).…”

Section: Exercise and The Immune Response -Clinical Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise and the Immune System – Focusing on the Effect of Exercise on Neutrophil Functions

Wolach¹

2012

An International Perspective on Topics in Sports Medicine and Sports Injury

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“…Com relação à concentração plasmática de catecolaminas, em atletas em overtraining, tem se observado um aumento nos níveis de noradrenalina plasmática em repouso e em resposta ao exercício de intensidade moderada [46,49]. Hooper et al [34] também verificaram aumento nas concentrações plasmáticas de noradrenalina no repouso, em nadadores em OT. Quanto à adaptação periférica, a capacidade dos órgãos de receberem informação do sistema nervoso central parece ser influenciada pelo overtraining [53].…”

Section: ) Variações No Eixo Hipotálamo-hipófise-adrenal (Hha)unclassified

“…2) Parâmetros imunológicos a) Leucócitos: Normalmente, a quantidade de leucó-citos permanece dentro dos valores de referência, mesmo durante períodos de treinamento físico intenso e em atletas em OT [27,34,58]. Contudo, Lehmann et al [51] observaram em corredores uma diminuição da quantidade de leucócitos abaixo dos valores de referência, em resposta a um período de quatro semanas em que o volume, e não a intensidade de treinamento, foi dobrado.…”

Section: Diagnóstico Do Overtrainingunclassified

Compreendendo o overtraining no desporto: da definição ao tratamento

Silva¹,

Santhiago²,

Gobatto³

2006

RPCD

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RESUMONo desporto de alto nível o desenvolvimento de um programa de treinamento físico tem como principal objetivo a maximização da performance. Contudo, caso não ocorra uma periodização do treinamento adequada, os atletas podem desenvolver o fenômeno denominado overtraining ou sobretreino. O overtraining pode ser definido como um distúrbio neuroendócrino, que ocorre no eixo hipotálamo-hipófise, resultado do desequilíbrio entre a demanda do exercício e a capacidade de resposta do organismo. O objetivo do presente estudo de revisão é apresentar fatores inerentes ao overtraining, para que a comunidade científica aprofunde o conhecimento sobre este problema do treinamento e auxilie os profissionais do desporto e atletas a evitá-lo. Palavras-chave: desporto, treinamento, overtraining. ABSTRACT Understanding overtraining in sports: from definition to treatment

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Markers for monitoring overtraining and recovery

Cited by 321 publications

References 0 publications

Time Interval Moderates the Relationship Between Psyching-up and Actual Sprint Performance

Time Interval Moderates the Relationship Between Psyching-up and Actual Sprint Performance

Exercise and the Immune System – Focusing on the Effect of Exercise on Neutrophil Functions

Compreendendo o overtraining no desporto: da definição ao tratamento

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