Markers of Bacterial Translocation in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Meheissen, Marwa Ahmed

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-81303-1_49-1

Cited by 1 publication

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“…Dysbiosis is also involved in chronic inflammation and oxidative stress ( 21 ). This is partly due to the production and release of endotoxins, including lipopolysaccharides (LPS), as well as the translocation of intestinal bacteria from the gut microbiota into the bloodstream ( 22 ). These bacteria and bacteria-derived LPS travel through the bloodstream, where LPS binds to Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) on all hepatocytes, especially Kupffer cells ( 23 ).…”

Section: Disruption Of the Gut-liver Axis In Diabetesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can probiotic, prebiotic, and synbiotic supplementation modulate the gut-liver axis in type 2 diabetes? A narrative and systematic review of clinical trials

et al. 2022

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BackgroundType 2 diabetes, one of the most common noncommunicable diseases, is a metabolic disorder that results in failed homeostatic control in several body systems, including hepatic function. Due to the gut microbiome’s potential role in diabetes’ pathogenesis, prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics have been proposed as complimentary therapeutic approaches aimed at microbiota readjustment.MethodsA systematic review was conducted on PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library examining the effect of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics on hepatic biomarkers in patients with diabetes.ResultsFrom 9,502 search hits, 10 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in this review. A total of 816 participants (460 intervention and 356 control) were investigated for the effects of nine different hepatic biomarker measurements including aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total protein, bilirubin, liver steatosis, liver stiffness, fatty liver index, and gamma-glutamyl transferase levels. Of the 13 intervention groups analyzed from the 10 studies, 3 were prebiotic interventions, 3 were single species probiotic interventions, 3 were multi-species probiotic interventions, and 4 were synbiotic interventions. Nutraceuticals used in these trials included six genera of bacteria (Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Streptococcus, Acetobacter, Lactococcus, and Propionibacterium), five different prebiotic formulations (inulin, inulin and beta carotene, chicory inulin enriched with oligofructose, galacto-oligosaccharides syrup, and powdered cinnamon), or a combination of these to form multi-species probiotics or synbiotics.ConclusionAlthough some studies showed insignificant changes in hepatic biomarkers, generally the results yielded a decrease in liver damage due to reduced oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory cytokines, gut dysbiosis, and insulin resistance which led to improvements in hepatic biomarker levels.

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Section: Disruption Of the Gut-liver Axis In Diabetesmentioning

confidence: 99%