Markers of Bone Metastases in Breast and Lung Cancers

Abstract

Aim and Background: The aim of the present study was to evaluate correlations between serum osteocalcin, osteoprotegerin and NTX (Cross-linked N-telopeptides of Type I Collagen) and urinary NTX in breast and lung cancer patients with bone metastases. These four markers are considered to have important roles in bone formation, resorption and metastases. Methods: Four markers were determined in the sera of 60 breast cancer and 21 lung cancer patients and healthy controls (n=30). Serum levels were studied using ELISA and EIA. Results: The median levels of serum osteoprotegerin (p<0.001) and osteocalcin (p=0.003) were higher in patients. Significant correlations were observed between the serum NTX-osteocalcin (r=0.431; p<0.001), serum NTXosteoprotegerin (r=0.42; p=0.003) and serum NTX -urine NTX (r=0.255; p=0.022). Conclusion: We conclude that osteocalcin, osteoprotegerin and NTX are independent diagnostic tools. Due to the ease of urine collection, urine NTX may be applied routinely to allow early detection of bone metastases and indicate progression of the disease.

Urine biomarkers in cancer detection: A systematic review of preanalytical parameters and applied methods

“…However, most did not disclose any information regarding the type of urine or the preservation method used. Five (27.8%) of 18 studies discussed using urine as the source of metabolites, [217][218][219][220][221] four (22.2%) studies reported on proteins, [221][222][223][224] three (16.7%) on DNA, [225][226][227] three (16.7%) on oxidative stress markers, [228][229][230] two (11.1%) on RNA 226,231 and two (11.1%) on metals 232,233 (Table S1). These 18 publications showed some promising diagnostic urinary biomarkers for Pan-cancer applications.…”

Physiological Changes and Pathological Pain Associated with Sedentary Lifestyle-Induced Body Systems Fat Accumulation and Their Modulation by Physical Exercise

“…Osteoprotegerin is also associated with cardiovascular pathologies, including vascular calcification [286], atherosclerosis, endothelial dysfunction, and hypertension [287]. This protein increases in subjects with several lung diseases, including asthma [288], lung cancers [289], and pulmonary arterial hypertension [290,291]. Similarly, osteoprotegerin increases after inflammatory bowel disease [292,293] and gas-trointestinal carcinoma [292].…”

Osteoprotegerin: A novel biomarker for inflammatory bowel disease and gastrointestinal carcinoma

“…Several groups have studied the possible roles of TRAIL and OPG in the treatment of cancer and indicate promising preliminary results. 73,74,[80][81][82][83][84][85] Personalizing cancer therapy to maximize therapeutic efficacy and minimizing toxicity are increasingly important. [86][87][88] As OPG correlates with many tumor characteristics, it has the potential to function as a biomarker diagnosing gastrointestinal cancer and predicting the efficiency of treatments.…”

“…Several groups have studied the possible roles of TRAIL and OPG in the treatment of cancer and indicate promising preliminary results . Personalizing cancer therapy to maximize therapeutic efficacy and minimizing toxicity are increasingly important .…”