Markers of type D retroviruses in children with Burkitt's-type lymphoma

Kzhyshkowska, Julia; Kiselev, Alexander V.; Gordina, Galina A.; Kurmashow, Valerij I.; Portjanko, Natalia M.; Ostashkin, A. S.; Ilyin, K. V.

doi:10.1016/s0165-2478(96)02625-9

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Human pathologies such as Hodgkin's disease display highly elevated fascin expression within lymphoma tissues (Reed-Stenberg cells), very likely resulting from the gene's response to viral inducers such as EBV (Pinkus et al, 1997). Pronounced (200-fold) increases in fascin expression is further apparent in B-lymphocytes transformed with EBV, and in Burkitt tumor cell lines harboring MPMV, EBNAs and LMPs (Mosialos et al, 1994;Kzhyshkowska et al, 1996). Given that MPMV is likewise harbored within breast HBL100 cells (Caron de Fromentel et al, 1985), viral induction of the fascin gene may account for fascin's observed shows the mean overall cell length over 24 h and the standard deviation for both cell populations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The only cell line evidencing high fascin levels in the absence of c-erbB-2 over-expression was HBL100 (Ganey, 1982). This cell line may be exceptional as it underwent in vitro transformation upon integration of the MPMV retroviral and SV40 genomes, with gain of tumorigenicity in nude mice (see Discussion) (Caron de Fromentel et al, 1985;Dhaliwal et al, 1990;Kzhyshkowska et al, 1996). Therefore, while fascin expression did not coincide with c-erbB-2 expression in all cell lines, a correlation did exist when evaluating the co-presence of c-erbB-2 and b-catenin.…”

Section: Increased Fascin Levels Coincide With C-erbb-2 Over-expressimentioning

confidence: 96%

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C-erbB-2/ HER-2 upregulates fascin, an actin-bundling protein associated with cell motility, in human breast cancer cell lines

et al. 2000

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The over-expression of c-erbB-2/ HER-2, a receptor tyrosine kinase, correlates with poor prognosis in patients with breast and ovarian cancer. In the human breast cancer cell line, MDA-MB-435, c-erbB-2 overexpression results in increased chemoinvasion and higher metastatic properties in nude mice. However, the mechanisms by which c-erbB-2 increases the malignant potential of cells remains unclear. We have determined that over-expression of c-erbB-2 in MDA-MB-435 cells, and in some additional breast cancer cell lines, is associated with graphic increases in mRNA and protein levels of the actin bundling protein fascin. Heightened fascin expression has been observed in other systems to result in greatly increased cell motility, and indeed, our work employing semi-automated time-lapse microscopy demonstrates that MDA-MB-435 cells over-expressing c-erbB-2 exhibit signi®cantly heightened cellular dynamics and locomotion, while visualization of bundled micro®laments within ®xed cells revealed enhanced formation of dendritic-like processes, microspikes and other dynamic actin based structures. To address the means by which c-erbB-2 over-expression might result in elevated fascin levels, we identi®ed multiple perfect match TCF and NF-kB consensus sites in fascin's promoter and ®rst intron, which appeared consistent with the greater endogenous transcriptional activities of TCF and NF-kB in c-erbB-2 over-expressing MDA-MB-435 cells. While such transcriptional modulation may occur in the context of the intact gene/chromatin, subsequent tests using reporter constructs did not support involvement of these signaling pathways. In conclusion, highly increased fascin levels were observed in MDA-MB-435 over-expressing c-erbB-2, likely contributing to these cells' altered actin dynamics, and increased cell motility and malignancy. Studies in progress aim to discern the means by which c-erbB-2 over-expression leads to transcriptional activation of the fascin gene.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Increased Fascin Levels Coincide With C-erbb-2 Over-expressimentioning

confidence: 96%

C-erbB-2/ HER-2 upregulates fascin, an actin-bundling protein associated with cell motility, in human breast cancer cell lines

et al. 2000

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“…Type D retroviruses have also been isolated from human cell lines in culture, but the majority of these infections have been attributed to laboratory contamination (13,28). In one study, detection of Mason-Pfizer monkey virusrelated env-pol sequences by PCR in children with Burkitt's lymphoma was reported (14), but other studies have found no evidence of type D retrovirus infection in patients with nonHodgkin's lymphoma or other lymphoproliferative or immunosuppressive illnesses (8).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of Infection with Simian Type D Retrovirus in Persons Occupationally Exposed to Nonhuman Primates

Lerche

Switzer

Yee

et al. 2001

J Virol

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Simian type D retrovirus (SRV) is enzootic in many populations of Asian monkeys of the genusMacaca and is associated with immunodeficiency diseases. However, the zoonotic potential of this agent has not been well defined. Screening for antibodies to SRV was performed as part of an ongoing study looking for evidence of infection with simian retroviruses among persons occupationally exposed to nonhuman primates (NHPs). Of 231 persons tested, 2 (0.9%) were found to be strongly seropositive, showing reactivity against multiple SRV antigens representing gag, pol, and env gene products by Western immunoblotting. Persistent long-standing seropositivity, as well as neutralizing antibody specific to SRV type 2, was documented in one individual (subject 1), while waning antibody with eventual seroreversion was observed in a second (subject 2). Repeated attempts to detect SRV by isolation in tissue culture and by using sensitive PCR assays for amplification of two SRV gene regions (gag and pol) were negative. Both individuals remain apparently healthy. We were also unable to transmit this seropositivity to an SRV-negative macaque by using inoculation of whole blood from subject 1. The results of this study provide evidence that occupational exposure to NHPs may increase the risk of infection with SRV and underscore the importance of both occupational safety practices and efforts to eliminate this virus from established macaque colonies.

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“…MPMV sequences were reported for individuals in Guinea (343). MPMV antibodies and sequences have also been detected in Russian children with Burkitt's lymphoma (225,266). In that small study, purified lymphocytes from 6 of 8 children with lymphoma were positive by PCR for MPMV sequences, while 20 healthy donors were negative.…”

Section: Primate Betaretrovirusesmentioning

confidence: 91%

Human RNA “Rumor” Viruses: the Search for Novel Human Retroviruses in Chronic Disease

Voisset

Weiss

Griffiths

2008

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

145

156

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SUMMARY Retroviruses are an important group of pathogens that cause a variety of diseases in humans and animals. Four human retroviruses are currently known, including human immunodeficiency virus type 1, which causes AIDS, and human T-lymphotropic virus type 1, which causes cancer and inflammatory disease. For many years, there have been sporadic reports of additional human retroviral infections, particularly in cancer and other chronic diseases. Unfortunately, many of these putative viruses remain unproven and controversial, and some retrovirologists have dismissed them as merely “human rumor viruses.” Work in this field was last reviewed in depth in 1984, and since then, the molecular techniques available for identifying and characterizing retroviruses have improved enormously in sensitivity. The advent of PCR in particular has dramatically enhanced our ability to detect novel viral sequences in human tissues. However, DNA amplification techniques have also increased the potential for false-positive detection due to contamination. In addition, the presence of many families of human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) within our DNA can obstruct attempts to identify and validate novel human retroviruses. Here, we aim to bring together the data on “novel” retroviral infections in humans by critically examining the evidence for those putative viruses that have been linked with disease and the likelihood that they represent genuine human infections. We provide a background to the field and a discussion of potential confounding factors along with some technical guidelines. In addition, some of the difficulties associated with obtaining formal proof of causation for common or ubiquitous agents such as HERVs are discussed.

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Markers of type D retroviruses in children with Burkitt's-type lymphoma

Cited by 10 publications

References 14 publications

C-erbB-2/ HER-2 upregulates fascin, an actin-bundling protein associated with cell motility, in human breast cancer cell lines

C-erbB-2/ HER-2 upregulates fascin, an actin-bundling protein associated with cell motility, in human breast cancer cell lines

Evidence of Infection with Simian Type D Retrovirus in Persons Occupationally Exposed to Nonhuman Primates

Human RNA “Rumor” Viruses: the Search for Novel Human Retroviruses in Chronic Disease

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