2 21 Abstract 22 Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and water are four crucial factors that have significant effects on strawberry yield 23 and fruit quality. A quadratic regression orthogonal rotation combination experiment that involved 36 treatments with five 24 levels of the four variables (N, P, and K fertilizers and water) was executed to optimize the fertilization and water combination 25 for high yield and quality. SSC/TA ratio (the ratio of soluble solid content to titratable acid) was selected as the index of 26 quality. Results showed that the N fertilizer was the most important factor, followed by water and P fertilizer, and the N 27 fertilizer had a significant effect on yield and SSC/TA ratio. By contrast, the K fertilizer had a significant effect only on yield.
28N×K fertilizer interaction had a significant effect on yield, whereas the other interactions among the four factors had no 29 significant effects on yield and SSC/TA ratio. The effects of the four factors on the yield and SSC/TA ratio were ranked as N 30 fertilizer > water > K fertilizer > P fertilizer and N fertilizer > P fertilizer > water > K fertilizer, respectively. The yield and 31 SSC/TA ratio increased and then decreased when NPK fertilizer and water increased. The optimal fertilizer and water 32 combination was 22.28-24.61 g/plant Ca (NO 3 ) 2 ·4H 2 O, 1.75-2.03 g/plant NaH 2 PO 4 , 12.41-13.91 g/plant K 2 SO 4 , and 12.00-33 13.05 L/plant water for yields of more than 110 g/plant and optimal SSC/TA ratio of 8.5-14.
Introduction 35Mineral fertilizers and water have a significant effect on crop yield [1-3]. However, the excessive application of fertilizers may 36 lead to soil and water pollution and become a serious threat to food safety [4,5]. Meanwhile, water scarcity is now a major 37 challenge in China [6]. Therefore, a good management of fertilization and water is increasingly required for agriculture in China.
38Strawberry is one of the most profitable fruit cultivars in China, which ranks first in total strawberry production worldwide 39 with a production of 1,801,865 tons in 2016, followed by United States and Mexico among a total of 79 countries [7]. Thus, large 40 amounts of fertilizers and water are needed for strawberry production in China. Consumers prefer strawberries with a sweet taste 41 [8,9]. The strawberry flavor is strongly correlated with the balance between the soluble solid content (SSC) and titratable acid 42 (TA) in ripe fruits [10,11], which are common quality indexes to assess sweetness and sourness [12]. The ratio of SSC/TA is 43 another effective parameter to determine fruit flavor [13,14]. The higher the SSC/TA ratio, the sweeter the fruit [15]. Therefore, 44 increasing strawberry production and enhancing fruit quality with high SSC/TA ratio and without environment pollution are 45 important goals in the field.
46Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) are primary mineral fertilizers. N is the most limiting nutrient to crop nutrient is essential for photosynthesis [20], and it is requ...