“…They demonstrate that FTR market power by a producer in the importing region (or a consumer in the exporting region) aggravates their monopoly (monopsony) power, because dominance in the FTR market creates an incentive to curtail generation (demand) to increase the value of the FTRs. This is also in line with the conclusion in the FTR literature: generators can more easily exert local market power when transmission congestion is present (Bushnell, 1999;Bushnell and Stoft, 1997;Joskow and Tirole, 2000;Oren, 1997;Joskow and Schmalensee, 1983;Chao and Peck, 1997;Gilbert, Neuhoff, and Newbery, 2002;Cardell, Hitt, and Hogan, 1997;Borenstein, Bushnell and Stoft, 1998;Wolfram, 1998;Bushnell and Wolak, 1999). The behavior of the generators in the FTR market should then be regulated.…”