“…More precisely, such a political change, especially when is not widely anticipated, determines investors in stock markets to refine and adjust their expectations regarding future macroeconomic policy. Therefore, in recent decades, a growing body of literature has investigated the extent to which presidential election outcomes shape the dynamics of the stock market (see, e.g., Białkowski et al, 2008; Leblang & Mukherjee, 2005; Maqsood et al, 2020; Pantzalis et al, 2000; Pereira et al, 2021). Furthermore, considering that the U.S. presidential election is a signal at a global scale, the analysis of the effects of such a weighty political event on the stock market is a matter of debate in empirical research (Abolghasemi & Dimitrov, 2021; Kim & Kim, 2021; Leblang & Mukherjee, 2004; Mnasri & Essaddam, 2021).…”