Market Structure, Product Differentiation, and Industrial Research

Comanor, William S.

doi:10.2307/1885583

Cited by 191 publications

(81 citation statements)

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“…Such access to finance and scale economies play a crucial role for firms to increase (i) advertisement power (leading to product differentiation) [20] and (ii) scope economies for R&D (provided by scale economy in production) [21].…”

Section: Determinants Of Innovation Propensitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…size, doing continuous R&D, doing cooperative innovation activities 19 , industry dummies, and an additional independent variable called Lambda (i.e. inverse Mills' ratio), which is generated by saving the unobserved effects in the probit estimation in order to isolate the effect of selectivity bias in the output equation [51] 20 . If coefficient of Lambda turns out to be significantly different from zero (see Table 2), it means u1i and u2i are correlated, hence selection bias indeed exists.…”

Section: Data and Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, additional analysis showed that most of X1i and Z1i are not appeared to be significant in the second step, and also the results for X2i remained the same. 20 Inverse Mills' ratio is the ratio of the probability density function to the cumulative distribution function of a distribution. In the case of Hackman 2-step, it is calculated at the point of X1i b1+ Z1i ω1.…”

Section: Data and Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Innovation determinants over industry life cycle

Tavassoli

2015

Technological Forecasting and Social Change

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This paper analyzes how the influence of firm-level innovation determinants varies over the industry life cycle. Two sets of determinants are distinguished: (1) determinants of a firm's innovation propensity, i.e. the likelihood of being innovative and (2) determinants of its innovation intensity, i.e. innovation sales. By combining the literature emphasizing firms' internal resources (micro level) with the research strand on the role of the industry context (mesolevel), the paper develops hypotheses about the relative importance of firm-level innovation determinants over the industry life cycle. Estimation of a firm-level model of innovation in Sweden, while acknowledging the stage of the life cycle of the industry a firms belongs to, shows that the importance of the determinants of innovation propensity and intensity are not equal over the stages of an industry's life cycle.

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Section: Determinants Of Innovation Propensitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Data and Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Data and Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Innovation determinants over industry life cycle

Tavassoli

2015

Technological Forecasting and Social Change

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“…Söz konusu bilginin bir sır olarak tutulamaması ise Ar-Ge yatırımlarının getirisini azaltarak, küçük firmaların Ar-Ge'ye yatırım yapmada isteksiz olmalarına neden olabilmektedir. Bu durum Comanor (1967)'un ifade ettiği gibi büyük firmaların, küçük firmalara oranla daha fazla Ar-Ge harcaması yapmasına ve ayrıca büyük firmaların Ar-Ge faaliyetlerinde devamlılığı sağlayabilmesine neden olabilmektedir 12 .…”

Section: Literatür Taramasıunclassified

Türkiye İmalat Sanayiinde Ölçek Bazında Kârlılık ve Temel Giderler İlişkisi: 1998- 2009 Dönemi

Çiftçi¹

2014

Sosyoekonomi

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This study examine the effects of research and development (R&D), advertising, marketing and distribution and general management expenses on firms and analysis these variables effects on gross profit margin for small, medium-sized, and large firms with Turkish Manufacturing subsectors data by empirically. Our empirical results show that for the small size only advertising, marketing and distribution expenses is significant, for medium-sized firms R&D and advertisement, marketing and distribution is significant, but general management expenses is not. For the large firms all variables are significant, but the most important variable on gross profit margin is the general administrative expenses. The result of R&D effect on gross profit margin in medium-sized firms is bigger than in large firms is quite important for policy makers.

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“…Utiliza-se a denominação genérica de pequenas empresas (PEs) para referir-se ao segmento de empresas que possuem até 99 empregados, que constitui o foco do presente trabalho. 2 Os estudos de Scherer (1965) e Comanor (1967) tentaram inicialmente verificar a validade das hipóteses levantadas em fases distintas da obra de J. Schumpeter, a saber: a fase identificada como Schumpeter Marco 1 (SM1), em que o autor realça o papel de empreendedores e das empresas de pequeno porte na geração de inovações, e a fase madura, Schumpeter Marco 2 (SM2), na qual a ênfase recai sobre o papel das grandes empresas e seus laboratórios de P&D como essenciais para a geração de inovações. Revisões posteriores destes trabalhos, como a de Cohen et al (1987), somaram-se a outros estudos que apresentaram resultados díspares que corroboram, a depender da metodologia e da base de dados utilizada, as duas hipóteses.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Efeitos das políticas de inovação nos gastos com atividades inovativas das pequenas empresas brasileiras

Avellar

Botelho

2016

Estud. Econ.

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ResumoO objetivo deste artigo é realizar, de forma pioneira, uma análise dos impactos dos programas de apoio às atividades inovativas nas pequenas empresas brasileiras. Utiliza-se o método Propensity Score Matching para avaliar os impactos dos incentivos fiscais, dos programas de financiamento, da concessão de bolsas e de capital de risco, com microdados da PINTEC (2010). Os resultados apontam que o conjunto dos programas de apoio à inovação estimula os gastos com atividades inovativas das pequenas empresas. Dentre os programas, os que se mostraram mais efetivos foram os de financiamento e os de apoio à aquisição de máquinas e equipamentos. Palavras-ChaveAvaliação de impacto. Política de inovação. Pequenas empresas. Propensity Score Matching. AbstractThis paper analyses, for the first time, the impact of the supporting programs concerning innovative activities in Brazilian small firms. Using the Propensity Score Matching technique with the PINTEC database (2010), we analyze the impacts of the tax incentives, grants, financing, RHAE and venture capital programs. The conclusion of the empirical study is that the innovation-oriented supporting programs, as a whole, accomplish the task of increasing the Brazilian small firms spending with innovative activities. Studying each program in particular, the conclusion is that the most effective ones are the general financing programs and the programs that support the purchase of machinery and equipments.

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Market Structure, Product Differentiation, and Industrial Research

Cited by 191 publications

References 0 publications

Innovation determinants over industry life cycle

Innovation determinants over industry life cycle

Türkiye İmalat Sanayiinde Ölçek Bazında Kârlılık ve Temel Giderler İlişkisi: 1998- 2009 Dönemi

Efeitos das políticas de inovação nos gastos com atividades inovativas das pequenas empresas brasileiras

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