“…Again, the actual value of marketing communication tools to generate the needed loyalty has been questioned for several years (H€ anninen & Karjaluoto, 2017;Kumar & Shah, 2004;Zephaniah et al, 2020). Some researchers claim that the loyal behaviour of consumers is limited to the period just after enrolment (Oluwafemi & Adebiyi, 2018), while others claim that marketing communication tools are company specific (T€ ollinen & Karjaluoto, 2011), that is, a given marketing communication tool can yield brand loyalty for some companies but not for other companies. Moreover, the literature has not been clear on the kind of marketing communications element that promote lasting customer loyalty (Amoako, Anabila, Effah, & Kumi, 2017;Damarjati, Kusumawati, & Mawardi, 2016;Esmaili, Rezaei, Abbasi, & Eskandari, 2017;Frimpong, 2014;Opoku, Appiah-Gyimah, & Kwapong, 2014), because even if all the elements are propellants of loyalty, which one contributes the most?…”