“…Kotler and Armstrong 1996 When first developed, the model was intended for traditional sales transactions; however, as the Internet became more popular, researchers (Bai, Hu & Jang, 2007;Gan, Sim, Tan & Tna, 2007;Han et al, 2005;Jang, Hu, & Bai, 2006;Kittle & Ciba, 2001;Klassen, 2002) have adjusted Kotler and Armstrong's (1996) (Bai et al, 2007;Han et al, 2005).…”