Although strategic planning has been part of the management function for as long as anyone can remember, the emergence of key account plans as a critical subset of the marketing plan in business-to-business markets has not attracted much analysis. This gap needs to be addressed, as key account plans have their own unique complexities. Moreover, the importance of key account plans is increasing. There is a need for a more widespread understanding of the benefits of key account planning, encompassing both processes and outputs. Based on a four-phase research project in 78 international companies, this paper describes current best practice in key account planning. The research demonstrates the benefits of key account planning and sets out a framework for implementing key account planning as a business process. The paper goes on to describe the contents of a key account plan and to note some common defects found in such plans.
KEYWORDS: Marketing planning; key account planning; key account management 2
INTRODUCTIONPoor marketing is recognised as contributing to poor business performance, yet marketing issues are receiving insufficient attention in the boardroom (McGovern at al., 2004). One area that is attracting senior management attention, however, is the emergence of bigger, more powerful and more sophisticated customers whose demands on their suppliers may 'negotiate away' benefits from such relationships if the suppliers do not take care (Kalwani and Narayandas, 1995;Woodburn and McDonald, 2001). This paper describes a research project investigating planning for key accounts. Key accounts are the most important few customers managed by organisations. Because of their relative size and complexity, it is widely accepted that special issues come into play with respect to how they are managed. Curiously, given this context, the practice of key account planning has received almost no academic attention. Little is known about the ways in which companies plan their relationships with their key accounts.This research aims to fill a considerable gap in the marketing literature.
Defining a key accountWhat is a key account? Many companies still conflate 'key customer' with 'large customer'.An alternative description has been provided by McDonald, Millman and Rogers: "Key accounts are customers in a business to business market identified by selling companies as of strategic importance." (McDonald, Millman and Rogers, 1996). They argue that strategic importance should be objectively decided on the basis of a customer portfolio matrix constructed from two perspectives: the attractiveness of the customer and the customer's 3 perception of the supplier's business strengths (Figure 1). The latter is important because the degree to which a key account plan might succeed is dependent on the customer's buy-in as well as that of the supplier.Attractiveness factors may include volume (which might be highly weighted in process manufacturing because of scale economies), but will almost always also include customer profitability, poten...