Marketing the American University: Professionalization of Development in Entrepreneurial Universities

Chinese University Administrations: Chinese Characteristics or Global Influence?

“…Fund-raising activities, especially from private sources, are a long tradition in US universities, and increasing competition has resulted in the institutional buildup and professionalization of organizational units catering to such needs. Skinner and Ramirez (2019) have shown that the pure existence of so-called development offices is near universal, but the name of the office varies greatly.…”

“…The most typical is the development office, but far fewer universities in China have a development office than those in the US. The standard deviation is larger in China and is much more rank-sensitive (Skinner & Ramirez, 2019).…”

“…This is not a general comparison of the university systems in China and those in the US, nor a study of all aspect of the US system as a global template. It only covers certain aspects documented in recent studies related to developing administrative units (Furuta & Ramirez, 2019;Kwak, Gavrila & Ramirez, 2019;Skinner & Ramirez, 2019). Further, this is a study about structure, not substantive content.…”

“…These types of questions have formed the subject of recent studies of American universities, whether related to development offices (Skinner & Ramirez, 2019), diversity offices (Kwak, organizational units were, in the study, seen as manifestations of the global rationalization process affecting universities, as described in the neo-institutional theory. They were also seen more specifically as related to the foremost global template, that of the US, in particular the elite US universities, referred to as Ivy+ here.…”

Reputation management by Chinese universities: Primary profile and comparative features

“…The Ivy League universities in the US score noticeably higher on all three reputation dimensions than the national sample, particularly so for the pragmatic categories (i.e., history and research) (Gavrila and Ramirez 2019). This rank‐based differentiation is evident in the US with regard to developing diversity as well as development and legal offices, which are associated with the increased emphasis on reputation management (Furuta and Ramirez 2019; Kwak et al 2019; Skinner and Ramirez 2019). The elite universities are more inclined to have these units than low‐ranking universities.…”