Marking and Cutting of Non-metallic Products with CO₂ Laser

Abstract

Since the discovery of the laser more than 60 years ago, research has begun on its application in various fields of technology. One of the most commonly used applications of laser technology is the cutting and marking of various materials. And while the use of different metals has been studied and used much better, the use of lasers in non-metallic materials has been studied much less. Research has been conducted with a CO2 laser on various materials -various types of textiles, felt, transparent and opaque Plexiglas and other materials that have wide application in technology and economics. The optimal parameters for performing various operations on this type of materials have been found and are shown in tabular and graphical form. Studies with different power and speed of the laser beam have been made. Based on the obtained results, the relevant conclusions are shown. These materials are widely used in industry, the manufacture of automobiles, aircraft, ships and other vehicles and machinery and the results prove the effectiveness of laser cutting and marking compared to the methods used so far to perform these operations.

Features of Color Laser Marking on Metals

“…A dual-axis galvanometer scanning system (hurrySCAN II 14 digital scanning head from SCANLAB corp. ) was installed to move along the X and Y axes. A focusing lens with a focal distance 100 mm [11], [12]. Additional horizontal movements and vertical movements can be performed using a multi-axis linear motor coordinate stage, which allows the extension of the working space to 250×250 mm.…”

“…The International Commission on Illumination defines the color difference standard using the definition of the Delta E concept, which represents the evaluation of the change in the visual perception of two specified colors [6], [10]. In this study, the concept of delta E was used to estimate the color difference [6], [12], [22]. For color repeatability purposes, delta E = 2 is typically used.…”

“…Squares №. 5 and 13 have higher average delta E values, which can be related to the corner effect [2], [12], although these colors can still be inserted into the color palette because they were not visually established differences between samples. Square №12 has the largest delta E value and correspondingly the lowest repeatability, which means that a casual observer can notice the difference.…”

Numerical modeling and simulation for laser beam welding of ultrafine-grained aluminium

“…Physical modelling and simulations are a powerful tool for clarifying the fundamental aspects of the laser welding process and for preliminary assessment and engineering forecasts of the emerging effects and proper selection of the acceptable operating range of technological parameters in laser welding [8][9][10][11][12]. The approaches for numerical simulations considered in the present study give a good assessment, both for the selection of the optimal technological parameters such as processing power and speed and for the dynamics of the process itself and the thermal isotherms in the processing area [13][14][15][16][17].…”

The Change of Contrast Is Investigation of 75 Steel Samples Laser Marked With Different Modes

“…Optical properties (absorption, transmission, absorption coefficient, refractive index and optical conductivity) were investigated as a function of wavelength. [9,10,11] One of the factors that affect the marking, along with the wear resistance, clarity and clarity of the written symbols, is the contrast. The factors that affect the contrast are related to the process of interaction of the laser radiation with the substance and the changes that occur in the treatment area (fig.…”