But the doctoral research project the book draws on was completed at the Faculty of Theology, University of Oslo. During these years, many friends and colleagues helped to frame its central arguments. I am particularly indebted to Trygve Wyller and Veit Bader for their solid intellectual support over the many years of writing and research under challenging personal circumstances. Also, José Casanova was a valuable interlocutor and supporter of my work throughout these years in different forms. Furthermore, I thank Dag Thorkildsen, Marcel Maussen, Grace Davie, Inger Furseth and Nina Hoel for their detailed critical feedback at different stages of the project and the manuscript. The late Aristide Zolberg as well as Talal Asad, Vicky Hattam, Riva Kastoryano and Faisal Devij deserve many thanks for comments on the project in its early stages.The arguments developed here benefitted greatly from presentations in various research settings: I am grateful for comments on my work by members of the SIAS Summer Institute on 'Citizenship and Migration' in the summers of 2008 (Wissenschaftskolleg zu Berlin & Stanford University) and by a research group on 'The Heuristic Value of Integration Models for International Comparisons, ' organized by the Wissenschaftszentrum (WZB) in Berlin (2009Berlin ( -2010.I thank former colleagues and friends at the Faculty of Theology, Terje Stordalen, Vedbjørn Horsfjord, Margrete van Es, Aike Rots and Helge Årsheim for the many good conceptual discussions on 'religion' and 'secularism' during the various presentations of my work at the PLUREL colloquium and conferences. I thank the members of the Research Group ESPACE for making me part of their 'spatial turn' -and hopefully for many further productive discussions to come: