Marlowe and Shakespeare Cross Borders: Malta and Venice in the Early Modern World

Abstract

This essay deals with the worlds of early modern Malta and Venice, two distinctly non-English locations, as depicted by Marlowe and Shakespeare. In particular, it considers the roles Jews played in The Jew of Malta and The Merchant of Venice. I argue that while Shakespeare is completely accurate in his depiction of the spirit of financial and mercantile adventurism and huge risk-taking that characterized early modern Venice, he does not fully reflect the tolerance that marked this early modern trading capital. Shakespeare bases his play on binaries and antagonistic opposition between the Jews and the Christians in Venice while Marlowe consciously resists painting his world in black and white. Marlowe’s Malta is a melting pot, a location where boundaries and distinctions between Jew, Christian, and Muslim, and between master and slave, blur, and easy definitions and categorizations become impossible. In spite of borrowing many historical details of the Great Siege of Malta (1565), Marlowe refuses to end his play with the siege and its attendant grand narrative of heroic Christian troops defeating barbaric Turks and bringing about a decisive victory for the Christian world.

Narratives of Jews in Shakespearean England and National Anxiety

“…For example, Jonathan Baldo explored how Shakespeare and Heywood employed foreign characters, including Jewish merchants, to address or reflect issues of economic nationalism in their respective countries (Baldo, 2016). Shormishtha Panja focused on how Shakespeare and Marlowe used Jewish characters and plot settings to construct Venice and Malta as representative early modern trading cities (Panja, 2019). However, few scholars have explored this topic within the historical contest of economic expansion and the readmission of Jews in the late 16th century.…”