Marriage is not a safe place: Heterosexual marriage and HIV‐related vulnerability in Indonesia

Jacubowski, Nadja

doi:10.1080/13691050601058573

Cited by 21 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Despite of all national and international laws and steps still many of the individuals are subjected to early marriage. This also cause early termination of education and a disaster of early child bearing thus affecting the female's life in various dimensions (Jacubowski, 2008). There are various factors that contribute to the existence of early marriage which includes male dominancy, parent's ignorance and social pressures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Early marriage is linked with poor social, physiological and psychological outcomes of the females as they have compact schooling, lower social status and also suffer higher rates of maternal mortality as their bodies are too immature to give birth. Early marriage means early sexual activity which increases the ratios of unwanted pregnancies and hence leading towards frequent Print: ISSN 2307-3748 Online: ISSN 2310-3841 abortions, HIV and other sexually transmitted disease (Mathur, 2003;Clark, 2004& Jacubowski, 2008. Underdeveloped physiology, lack of information, low self esteem and less awareness is leading young females to the high risk of maternal mortality and morbidity as compared to the females who are married after the age of 20.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Early Marriage;A Root of Current Physiological and Psychosocial Health Burdens

Ahmed¹,

Khan²,

Khan³

et al. 2014

Int. j. endorsing health sci. res.

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It is confirmed that early marriage and early childbirth leads to higher rates of adolescent fertility and pregnancy related complications. According to UNICEF (1994) unfortunately the mortality rate of the married girls aged between 15-19 years is twice as compare to the girls who marry after the age of 20 years. As their bodies are immature that's why their health is affected by giving birth to a child. Millions of children are affected by the tradition of early marriage at is being practiced and widespread in many regions of South Asia. Early marriage is also called as child marriage that is marriage below the age of 18 when girls are too weak to shoulder their responsibilities physiologically, psychologically and socially. Early married females are more prone to diseases like HIV/AIDS and obstetrics obstacles. They are also affected psychologically and they may become victim of depression, anxiety and other mood disorders. An observational study was conducted between married and unmarried female to know their perspective about getting married early and to highlight whether it is a positive response according to them. Results showed that in relation to unmarried girls the married females were also not in favor of getting married early as they are equally invaded by health problems. Mental distress and depressive symptoms are more common in married females. Girls prefer doctors for concerning their reproductive health problems while girls can also concerned their mothers but they are in minority. Many health consequences are being reported by early married females and they were hesitated to share them with their in laws. Most of them approached lady doctors whereas few were relying on their mothers for their problems to be solved. Marriages below the age of 18 is not helping the females infract its demolishing their self esteem, their will to study and their physiological well being also.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Marriage;A Root of Current Physiological and Psychosocial Health Burdens

Ahmed¹,

Khan²,

Khan³

et al. 2014

Int. j. endorsing health sci. res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…where the woman has a submissive role in relation to the man, condom use is even less frequent (13) . The low selfesteem of women and the lack of autonomy and economic dependence limit the ability of women to communicate with their partner and negotiate condom use.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a study conducted in the five regions of Brazil, 13.2% of male interviewees reported having had relationships with more than five casual sexual partners in the year preceding the study. Among the women, this percentage was lower (4.1%).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk behavior for the Human Immunodeficiency Virus among motel clients

Guedes

Cabral

Costa

et al. 2012

Rev. Latino-Am. Enfermagem

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This study aimed to verify risk behavior for infection with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus in people who attended motels. This is a cross-sectional study conducted in two motels in two municipalities in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, with a sample of 308 randomly selected individuals, aged between 18 and 60 years. Bivariate (chi-square and t test for independent samples) and multivariate (logistic regression) statistical tests were performed. A total of 45.8% of the participants reported not having used a condom during the last vaginal sexual intercourse, 48.4% did not use a condom during the last oral sex, while 26.3% reported not having used a condom in the last anal intercourse. Having a steady partner was the strongest predictor of not using condoms. Probable beliefs regarding loyalty involved in a stable relationship may be contributing to the failure to use condoms during intercourse, increasing the risk of HIV infection. Las conductas de riesgo al virus de inmunodeficiencia humana entre usuarios de motelesEste estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar las conductas de riesgo al virus de inmunodeficiencia humana en personas que asistieron moteles. Estudio transversal realizado en dos moteles en dos municipios de Minas Gerais con una muestra de 308 personas. Bivariado se realizaron pruebas estadísticas (Jue-cuadrado y t para muestras independientes) y multivariado (regresión logística). La mayoría (42,5%) tenían entre 18 y 25 años y el 45,8% no había utilizado preservativo en sus últimas relaciones sexuales vaginales, 48,4% no usó condón para sexo oral, mientras que 26,3 % reportó no haber utilizado el su última relación anal. Tener una pareja estable fue el mejor predictor para no usarse condones. Llegamos a la conclusión de que la lealtad tiende a estar involucrada en una relación estable puede estar contribuyendo a la no utilización de preservativos en las relaciones, aumentando la vulnerabilidad.

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“…The proportion is as high as 90% in South Africa (41). Behavioral messages that encourage faithfulness in partnerships and condom use have had limited success in many countries throughout the world where marriage presents the greatest risk for HIV acquisition for women (7,9,15,18,34,37,46). In the absence of a preventive HIV vaccine, alternative biomedical interventions are urgently needed.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Complete Protection from Repeated Vaginal Simian-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Exposures in Macaques by a Topical Gel Containing Tenofovir Alone or with Emtricitabine

Parikh¹,

Dobard²,

Sharma³

et al. 2009

J Virol

184

182

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New-generation gels that deliver potent antiretroviral drugs against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 have renewed hopes for topical prophylaxis as a prevention strategy. Previous preclinical research with monkey models suggested that high concentrations and drug combinations are needed for high efficacy. We evaluated two long-acting reverse transcriptase inhibitors, tenofovir (TFV) and emtricitabine (FTC), by using a twiceweekly repeat challenge macaque model and showed that a preexposure vaginal application of gel with 1% TFV alone or in combination with 5% FTC fully protected macaques from a total of 20 exposures to simian-human immunodeficiency virus SF162p3. FTC and TFV were detected in plasma 30 min after vaginal application, suggesting rapid absorption. FTC was detected more frequently than TFV and showed higher levels, reflecting the fivefold-higher concentration of this drug than of TFV. Two of 12 repeatedly exposed but protected macaques showed limited T-cell priming, which did not induce resistance to infection when macaques were rechallenged. Thus, single drugs with durable antiviral activity can provide highly effective topical prophylaxis and overcome the need for noncoital use or for drug combinations which are more complex and costly to formulate and approve.

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Marriage is not a safe place: Heterosexual marriage and HIV‐related vulnerability in Indonesia

Cited by 21 publications

References 17 publications

Early Marriage;A Root of Current Physiological and Psychosocial Health Burdens

Early Marriage;A Root of Current Physiological and Psychosocial Health Burdens

Risk behavior for the Human Immunodeficiency Virus among motel clients

Complete Protection from Repeated Vaginal Simian-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Exposures in Macaques by a Topical Gel Containing Tenofovir Alone or with Emtricitabine

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