Marrying Helmholtz and Hering: A hybrid model of binocular control

Heinen, Stephen; Chandna, Arvind; Singh, Devashish; Watamaniuk, Scott

doi:10.1167/jov.22.14.4171

Cited by 1 publication

(3 citation statements)

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“…The results suggest that neither Hering's nor Helmholtz's theories of oculomotor control are completely correct, nor are they completely wrong. Instead, the data are consistent with a hybrid model which generates yoked conjugate eye movements that in turn interact with independent slow control [24].…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 68%

“…[41,42] We proposed a model in which independent control modulates unitary conjugate signals that potentially explains the similarity and difference in binocular microsaccades observed here. [24] It might be argued that the differences we see in drift between the two eyes are merely caused by neural noise. However, if that noise was present in a yoked command, it would have to be present on both eyes, yielding identical BCEAs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…One alternative is that there is a "virtual" target created in the brain by the seeing eye's input, and the virtual target drives the covered eye, which our model proposes. [24] Without direct access to the visual signal, the virtual target would afford a less precise signal to which the occluded eye has access.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Asymmetric eye movements during fixation challenge Hering’s Law of a unitary neural command

Chandna,

Singh,

Watamaniuk

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Visual perception is largely supported by tiny fixational eye movements (FEMs), the control of which is a mystery. Understanding eye movement control has been impeded by researchers recording one eye, assuming the other behaves symmetrically as if “yoked” (Hering’s Law). However, recent work revealed asynchronous smooth eye movements during vergence, challenged Hering’s Law, suggesting FEMs might also be decoupled. We assessed FEMs of both eyes during binocular and monocular viewing. During binocular viewing, eye movement variability (BCEA) was larger in one eye, implying the eyes were independently controlled. During monocular viewing, covered eyes’ BCEAs were larger than viewing ones. Eyes with larger BCEAs drifted faster, suggesting poorer eye control. In contrast, microsaccades were always binocular, yet larger in viewing eyes with larger BCEAs, indicating independent control improved their drift correction. Our results support independent control of smooth eye movements and elucidate the genesis of ocular misalignment relevant to strabismus intervention.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 68%