Mars Colonization: Beyond Getting There

Nanoengineered Carbon‐Based Interfaces for Advanced Energy and Photonics Applications: A Recent Progress and Innovations

“…[177][178][179][180] The spectrum of application for such systems is ultimately wide, ranging from extremely important ecological systems, e.g., nanomaterial-based marine antifouling materials that require sophisticated control of processes at the material-ecosystem interfaces, [181,182] novel aquaponic systems that require advanced functional materials and interfacial systems, [183,184] nanomaterials for waste management via green, efficient synthesis of valuable materials from lowcost natural products, [46,185] nanocomposites for supercapacitors and energy storage, [87,186] to space technology application where complex material systems could be used for, e.g., solid propellant supply in space thrusters [187] and building the human habitats. [188,189] ✓ Better approaches for modeling the nonstationary 3D processes of a surface formation and the effects of the surface interaction with flows of energy and material to establish the mechanisms of nucleation, growth, change of physical and chemical properties, generation of fields and gradients, including the self-sustained. Further development of artificial intelligence-based techniques for designing novel interfacial systems.…”

A Crowd-Sourcing Project to Understand, Prevent and Manage Incidences of Injury and Wounding to Astronauts and Off-Earth Colonists

“…As previously discussed, [139] and even with potential threats to the human population on Earth illustrated by the Covid-19 pandemic and climate change, continued human exploration of space and off-Earth colonisation must have a very clear value proposition beyond that of romantic heroism. It is essential to understand the underlying theory and application of return on investment measurement, assessment and where there may be added scope for incremental increase [8,140,141]. The colonisation of the Moon is in essence the first stage of our species migration and should be acknowledged [142,143] and the positive effects that NASA brings to the American economy [144].…”

“…Today, it may be argued that space exploration is more important than ever for our species [6] and that mitigation of existential risk be it imposed by warfare, climate change or a global pandemic has increased our urgency to find alternative places to live [7]; recognizing that there are many socio-economic and ethical considerations to consider (e.g. Levchenko [8]). We have previously explored the rationale and history behind humankind's need to discover and outlined a vision for the colonisation of Mars [9][10][11], and the requirement for in situ resource utilization (ISRU).…”

Dark blue-green: Cave-inhabiting cyanobacteria as a model for astrobiology

“…For human colonies to be installed on currently unhabitable planets preparation of the area of interest is crucial (Levchenko et al, 2021). Creating such an enclosed space where humans can operate under preferred conditions -also known as the biosphere-is likely not achievable on large scales, but will need to be achieved gradually.…”