MARSCHALS: development of an airborne millimeter-wave limb sounder

Oldfield, M.; Moyna, B.; Allouis, Elie; Brunt, Robert; Cortesi, Ugo; Ellison, Brian N.; Eskell, J.M.; Forward, Tony; Jones, Tony; Lamarre, Daniel; Langen, J.; Maagt, P.J.I. de; Matheson, D. N.; Morgan, Ivor; Reburn, J.; Siddans, Richard

doi:10.1117/12.450663

Cited by 30 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…In the mm and sub mm wave bands an important application for the LC reflectarray technology is in the spaceborne meteorological and atmospheric chemistry sounding instruments [17]. A phase agile reflectarray based on liquid crystal substrate offers a viable alternative to current technology which employs motor driven systems to physically steer the antennas.…”

Section: Measured Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With future mission lifetimes of up to 10 years, tribology issues with mechanically scanned antenna systems can therefore be eliminated. Limbsounder instruments view the Earth scene by scanning the high gain reflector antenna though a small angle which is generally less than 5° [17]. This type of scan profile can be achieved by applying the appropriate signals to the bias lines which connect all of the patches in the individual columns in order to produce the required progressive phase on the reflected field [2], [3].…”

Section: Measured Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Design and Measurement of Reconfigurable Millimeter Wave Reflectarray Cells With Nematic Liquid Crystal

Cahill

Encinar

et al. 2008

IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat.

163

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Section: Measured Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Measured Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Measurement of Reconfigurable Millimeter Wave Reflectarray Cells With Nematic Liquid Crystal

Cahill

Encinar

et al. 2008

IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat.

163

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“…In order to verify the measurement capabilities of limb sounding in the millimetre-wave spectral region for the study of the UTLS region, the European Space Agency (ESA) has developed the MARSCHALS (Millimetrewave Airborne Receivers for Spectroscopic CHaracterisation in Atmospheric Limb-Sounding) instrument (Oldfield et al, 2001). MARSCHALS is an heterodyne spectrometer which can be operated on board stratospheric aircraft or balloons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrieval of minor constituents in a cloudy atmosphere with remote-sensing millimetre-wave measurements

Bianco

Carli

Cecchi‐Pestellini

et al. 2007

Q.J.R. Meteorol. Soc.

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ABSTRACT:The presence of clouds in remote-sensing measurements is often the cause of information loss about the minor atmospheric constituent profiles that are the goal of the measurement. Millimetre-and submillimetre-wave sounding can be used to abate the problems of cloud contamination. A quantitative assessment of this possibility is provided with the systematic simulation of the retrieval of minor atmospheric constituents in the presence of ice cirrus clouds of different density and particle size. The simulations are made for the particular case of the MARSCHALS instrument which is a heterodyne limb-sounding spectrometer that measures the atmospheric thermal emission in the millimetre-and submillimetre-wave regions operating on board a stratospheric aircraft. Four types of measuring conditions are identified: clouds that do not modify the observation, clouds that are adequately described with an atmospheric continuum absorption model, clouds for which an error is introduced when the limited vertical resolution of the sounding does not resolve the sharp discontinuity of the cloud, and clouds which require the modelling of scattering effects for a correct retrieval. When a rigorous modelling of the cloud is performed, the retrieval of minor atmospheric constituent is marginally affected by the presence of the cloud. We find that in the worst case the cloud causes a loss, with respect to clear-sky conditions, of two degrees of freedom from about 90 and of 7% of information content relative to climatological information.

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“…MARSCHALS is a heterodyne spectrometer for the measurement of high-resolution spectra of the atmospheric emission in the millimeter and sub-millimeter region with limb sounding geometry (Oldfield et al, 2001). MARSCHALS has been built by an European consortium led by RAL (Rutherford and Appleton Laboratories) under an ESA contract.…”

Section: The Marschals Instrumentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergy between middle infrared and millimeter-wave limb sounding of atmospheric temperature and minor constituents

et al. 2016

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Abstract. Synergistic exploitation of redundant and complementary information from independent observations of the same target remains a major issue in atmospheric remote sounding and increasing attention is devoted to investigate optimized or innovative methods for the combination of two or more measured data sets. This paper focuses on the synergy between middle infrared and millimeterwave limb sounding measurements of atmospheric composition and temperature and reports the results of a study conducted as part of the preparatory activities of the PRE-MIER (Process Exploration through Measurements of Infrared and millimeter-wave Emitted Radiation) mission candidate to the Core Missions of the European Space Agency (ESA) Earth Explorer 7. The activity was based on data acquired by the MIPAS-STR (Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding -STRatospheric aircraft) and MARSCHALS (Millimetre-wave Airborne Receivers for Spectroscopic CHaracterisation in Atmospheric Limb Sounding) instruments on-board the high-altitude research aircraft M-55 Geophysica during the flight of the PremierEx (PREMIER Experiment) campaign on 10 March 2010 from Kiruna, Sweden, for observation of the Arctic upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. The cloud coverage observed along the flight provided representative test cases to evaluate the synergy in three different scenarios: low clouds in the first part, no clouds in the central part and high tropospheric clouds at the end. The calculation of synergistic profiles of four atmospheric targets (i.e., O 3 , HNO 3 , H 2 O and temperature) was performed using a posteriori combination of individual retrieved profiles, i.e., Level 2 (L2) data rather than simultaneous inversion of observed radiances, i.e., Level 1 (L1) data. An innovative method of data fusion, based on the Measurement Space Solution (MSS) was applied along with the standard approach of inversion of MARSCHALS spectral radiances using MIPAS-STR retrieval products as a priori information (L1 + L2 method). A quantitative estimate and cross-check of the results of MSS data fusion and (L1 + L2) method was achieved based on a specific set of quantifiers including the total retrieval error, the number of degrees of freedom, the relative information distribution and the synergy factor.

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MARSCHALS: development of an airborne millimeter-wave limb sounder

Cited by 30 publications

References 0 publications

Design and Measurement of Reconfigurable Millimeter Wave Reflectarray Cells With Nematic Liquid Crystal

Design and Measurement of Reconfigurable Millimeter Wave Reflectarray Cells With Nematic Liquid Crystal

Retrieval of minor constituents in a cloudy atmosphere with remote-sensing millimetre-wave measurements

Synergy between middle infrared and millimeter-wave limb sounding of atmospheric temperature and minor constituents

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