Mary I: Queen of England

Harrison, Eric

doi:10.3138/utq.12.4.464

Cited by 3 publications

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“…97 4.2 Schematic view (right) and the actual photo (left) of the EPM prototype and its components 98 4.3 Combination of various pulse magnitudes and time intervals in 0.2 m brick wall 100 4.4 Minimum required number of RFs vs time interval for a brick wall in different thicknesses L 101 4.5 Sensitivity of the R c -value to the number of RFs in a 21 cm brick wall 101 4. 6 The 3D heat transfer effect due to the resistance network: the wall modelled as a network of resistances 103 4.7 3D heat transfer effect due to the temperature gradient 104 4.8 Heat flux in z direction (dashed) in different distances from the y axis passing the center of the heated area in EPM and the heat flux in y direction (in solid black) at the same axis 105 4.9 Relation between the diameter of the heated area in EPM and the accuracy of the R c -value measurement through EPM in different thicknesses of a 3×3 m 2 concrete wall 106 5.1 Control system and working principles of EPM: The heat fluxes are controlled (and measured) in such a way that a triangular temperature excitation pulse forms on one side of the wall, while the other side is kept at constant temperature. The RFs are then calculated to be used for estimation of the wall's thermo-physical characteristic.…”

Section: 9mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To estimate the total accuracy of the R c -value measured by EPM, the fractional error analysis followed by quadrature error analysis approach [104] (heat flux divided by temperature and then the summation of RFs to obtain the Rc-value) is performed. For each parameter, the inaccuracy of the respective sensor is applied and finally the total error is calculated.…”

Section: Error Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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In-Situ Determination of Buildings’ Thermo- Physical Characteristics

Rasooli

2020

Architecture and the Built Environment

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Ever since the introduction of energy conversion systems in the built environment, buildings have become responsible for a considerable share of global energy consumption. Many countries have therefore aimed to invest on buildings’ energy efficiency plans to reduce the depletion rate of the fossil resources and the CO2 emissions associated with them. In this context, accurate determination of building’s thermo-physical characteristics is a necessity in the processes which lead to execution of energy conservation strategies in existing buildings. These characteristics are the essential inputs for buildings’ thermal modelling, quality control, energy audits, and energy labelling, the results of which are determinant for energy renovation decisions and policies. In practice, the values of these parameters are not always available because the current determination methods are time-and-effort-expensive, and consequently rarely used. In accordance with the large deviations observed between the in-lab and in-situ thermal behaviour of building components, a special attention is laid on in-situ methods. This thesis aims at developing and testing different in-situ determination methods and approaches at different levels. Theories, simulations, and experiments, are combined for determination of a number of buildings’ most important thermo-physical characteristics. Transmission losses through the façades are known to be responsible for a significant portion of heat loss in buildings and consequently are investigated in all standard energy calculation methods. Thus, the major part of the thesis is dedicated to the thermal behaviour of exterior walls. The exact construction of existing walls is generally unknown. Consequently, the estimation of their thermal resistance, thermal conductivity, and volumetric heat capacity can be erroneous. Later, the attention is upscaled to the building level where rather than local characteristics, global characteristics are determined. At the first stage, the walls’ in-situ determination of thermal resistance has been examined. Despite the advantages of the existing standard method, “ISO 9869 Average Method” for measuring this parameter, two problems have been pointed out: long duration and imprecision. Accordingly, this phase describes and demonstrates how the simplest modifications to this standard method can improve it in terms of solving these problems. Heat transfer simulations and experiments in a variety of wall typologies have been applied to show the effect of using an additional heat flux sensor, facing the first one, installed on the opposite side of the wall. Three estimations of thermal resistance based on either indoor or outdoor heat fluxes, and the average of the two values are then defined. It is shown that one of these values satisfies the convergence criteria earlier than the other two, leading to a quicker insitu determination of thermal resistance with a higher precision. To further shorten the measurement period, in the second phase, a new transient in-situ method, Excitation Pulse Method, EPM, is developed and examined experimentally on three walls. The method is inspired by the theory of thermal response factors. In EPM, a triangular surface temperature excitation is applied at one side of the wall and the heat flux responses at both sides are measured and converted into the wall’s corresponding response factors which then leads to the wall’s thermal resistance. To validate, the results are compared to the ones obtained following the ISO 9869. The good agreement of the results confirms the possibility of measuring the Rc-value within a couple of hours. Applying this method, the overestimation of around 400% between the actual and estimated values (in practice, often based on the construction year) of thermal transmittance was resolved. Thus, EPM is believed to significantly improve the required time and accuracy in determination of the thermal behavior of walls with unknown constructions. Experimental and practical details regarding the design and construction of the method’s prototype as well as its application range are demonstrated subsequently. EPM has been patented in the Dutch patent office (Patent No. 2014467) and can be applied on in-lab and in-situ circumstances. Following the success in the proof of principle, in the third phase, detailed conditions for correct application of EPM in heavy and multi-layered walls are further studied. Heat transfer theories, simulations, and experiments are combined to evaluate the method’s performance for different types of walls. A specific attention is devoted to the relationship between the walls’ thermal response time and the response factors’ time interval, affecting the accuracy of Rc-value determination. Additionally, other hidden information in the response factors of the walls such as the possible construction are revealed. It is moreover demonstrated that in addition to the thermal resistance, the two main thermo-physical properties of a wall, the thermal conductivity and the volumetric heat capacity, as well as the wall’s thickness can be determined using inverse modelling of the Response Factors. The accuracy and precision of the method is tested in many different ways, fortifying the confidence for future application of this method. In the last phase, the advancement of smart metering and monitoring systems in buildings are considered. Such smart technologies have led to utilization of the data from, for instance, home automation systems. This data acquisition is referred to as “on-board-monitoring” category of measurements, which removes the hassle, cost, and intrusion associated with locally-conducted experiments. The problem is then observed from a perspective wider than the component level. This time, the thermo-physical characteristics are studied for a whole building rather than just the walls. It is presumed that the current and future houses and their HVAC installations are by default, equipped with basic sensors, providing on-board monitored data. Therefore, the expected available data is measured and used as input parameters. A case study of an occupied apartment, in which air temperatures, humidity, and CO2 concentrations, gas consumption, and meteorological data have been measured for one year is investigated. Global characteristics such as the heat loss coefficient and thermal capacitance are estimated through inverse modelling of a 1st order circuit analogous to the thermal model of the building, and fed by the measurement data. In addition, using construction information, winter daily air change rates leading to ventilation and infiltration heat losses are estimated from the results of the inverse modelling. These results can be used to tailor the energy efficient use of the building. In summary, the in-situ determination of walls’ thermal resistance is conducted by two methods in this thesis. The first one calls for longer measurement methods (minimum three days), but includes a straight-forward, well-known procedure. This method is highly suitable for high temperature gradients across the wall. The second method, EPM, requires more complicated instrumentation, but in return, in addition to rapid (couple of hours) determination of the Rc-value, it provides the walls’ response factors which are required for a dynamic thermal building simulation. In addition, using the results of this method, the thermal conductivity and volumetric heat capacity can be determined. EPM is most suitable for light-to-medium weighted walls and for homogeneous walls of known thickness. Stable heat flux profiles at the surfaces of the wall increase the accuracy of the method, especially when the temperature gradients across the wall are lower. Finally, as a less intrusive approach, the data from the HVAC installations’ existing sensors can be used. Global characteristics including the heat loss coefficient and the global capacitance can be then determined for a whole building, followed by ventilation and infiltration losses. Despite the low accuracy, this process is more suitable when the smart meter data is available and measurements at component level are not desired. By introducing and testing new experimental and computational methods and approaches for reliable determination of buildings’ local and global thermo-physical characteristics, this thesis pays a significant contribution to the accuracy of the energy-related predictions and operations, especially within the built environment.

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Section: 9mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Error Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

In-Situ Determination of Buildings’ Thermo- Physical Characteristics

Rasooli

2020

Architecture and the Built Environment

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“…A dropout in online learning refers to a student that he/she inconspicuously discontinues participation in any learning activities, and he/she will not return to learning in any way in the future (Rodríguez, 2012). Studies have noticed that for most Massive Online Open Courses (MOOCs, such as Coursera, Udacity, and EdX), students' completion rates are only around 10% (Lushnikova et al, 2012;Harrison, 2013), meaning that the overwhelming majority of their online students dropped out. A large-scale investigation of 58 online courses also figured out 86.5% dropout rates of 188,802 registered participants (Scopeo, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Teaching and Learning Chinese as a Foreign or Second Language: The Educational Psychology Perspective

2024

Frontiers Research Topics

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Frontiers is more than just an open access publisher of scholarly articles: it is a pioneering approach to the world of academia, radically improving the way scholarly research is managed. The grand vision of Frontiers is a world where all people have an equal opportunity to seek, share and generate knowledge. Frontiers provides immediate and permanent online open access to all its publications, but this alone is not enough to realize our grand goals. Frontiers journal seriesThe Frontiers journal series is a multi-tier and interdisciplinary set of openaccess, online journals, promising a paradigm shift from the current review, selection and dissemination processes in academic publishing. All Frontiers journals are driven by researchers for researchers; therefore, they constitute a service to the scholarly community. At the same time, the Frontiers journal series operates on a revolutionary invention, the tiered publishing system, initially addressing specific communities of scholars, and gradually climbing up to broader public understanding, thus serving the interests of the lay society, too. Dedication to qualityEach Frontiers article is a landmark of the highest quality, thanks to genuinely collaborative interactions between authors and review editors, who include some of the world's best academicians. Research must be certified by peers before entering a stream of knowledge that may eventually reach the public -and shape society; therefore, Frontiers only applies the most rigorous and unbiased reviews. Frontiers revolutionizes research publishing by freely delivering the most outstanding research, evaluated with no bias from both the academic and social point of view. By applying the most advanced information technologies, Frontiers is catapulting scholarly publishing into a new generation. What are Frontiers Research Topics?Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers journals series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area.

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“…Los MOOC, al tratarse de un fenómeno digital de reciente aparición, suponen la necesidad de estar evaluando las estrategias, las metodologías y los recursos con el fin de aumentar significativamente la participación de los individuos en el aprendizaje a lo largo de toda la vida y las prácticas de colaboración entre los ciudadanos digitales (McAuley et al, 2010). Más aún cuando las tasas de finalización de los cursos son muy bajas (Harrison, 2013;Lushnikova et al, 2013;SCOPEO, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Virtualidad y MOOC desde la perspectiva de estudiantes universitarios

Zambrano,

Cano,

Presiga

2017

VEsC

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Los MOOC como tendencia actual precisan la revisión desde distintos puntos de vista. Este ejercicio presenta los resultados de una experiencia de estudiantes universitarios de un programa de licenciatura en Inglés- Español que participaron en MOOC de tres universidades distintas en las plataformas edX y Coursera. Los estudiantes después de su experiencia en los MOOC presentaron textos que contaban sus percepciones, los aportes se clasificaron desde cinco categorías para su análisis: percepciones sobre virtualidad y MOOC, aspectos positivos, aspectos negativos, rol del docente y rol del estudiante. Los resultados del análisis evidencian en los estudiantes: una afinidad a la participación en entornos de aprendizaje virtuales, una transformación de los roles docentes y discentes, el valor agregado de la multiculuralidad en la formación y la necesidad de una mayor retroalimentación en los MOOC.

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Mary I: Queen of England

Abstract: health sciences, history THE CANADIAN HISTORICAL REVIEW utpjournals.press/chr Offering a comprehensive analysis on the events that have shaped Canada, CHR publishes articles that examine Canadian history from both a multicultural and multidisciplinary perspective.

Cited by 3 publications

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In-Situ Determination of Buildings’ Thermo- Physical Characteristics

In-Situ Determination of Buildings’ Thermo- Physical Characteristics

Teaching and Learning Chinese as a Foreign or Second Language: The Educational Psychology Perspective

Virtualidad y MOOC desde la perspectiva de estudiantes universitarios

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