“…Extensive re-use of avionics and software became an increasingly more important and likely aspect as the design of GOSSAMER-1 progressed in maturity; many opportunities for re-use were not anticipated in the conceptual stage but became obvious in practical work. Taking into account the overlapping test and integration campaigns of GOSSAMER-1 to -3 in the Roadmap scenario as well as an end-to-end concurrent engineering-and-AIV approach initiated by a team and institute with fresh prior experience in it (see Lange et al, 2015aLange et al, , 2018aLange et al, ,b, 2019, ample short-term adhoc direct (or 'tactical') 4 re-use could also have been expected which is not possible to the same extent in completely sequential roadmaps and rigidly 'phased' projects, and probably impossible when contractors change from flight to flight or phase to phase.…”