Masculinity and perceived normative health behaviors as predictors of men's health behaviors

Mahalik, James R.; Burns, Shaun Michael; Syzdek, Matthew R.

doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2007.02.035

Cited by 488 publications

(493 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Second, masculinity entails understating the significance of personal illness. This is manifested as dismissing one's health needs as unimportant (Galdas et al, 2005), engaging in risky behaviours (Courtenay, 2000) and having little regard for preventive interventions (Mahalik et al, 2007). Our benevolence findings are consistent with both aspects of masculinity, namely, male support for female screening at potential personal sacrifice and a relative lack of concern about cancer prevention.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Sex, benevolence and willingness to pay for screening

Whynes

Sach

2016

IJSE

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Purpose: We report the findings of a contingent valuation survey of health care services, designed to illuminate self-interest and benevolence on the part of one sex for the other. Design/methodology/approach: In a constructed scenario, men and women recorded how much they would be willing to contribute to each of three different types of cancer screening, one of which would be available only to members of the opposite sex. Findings: Over two-thirds of individuals, amongst whom men were more heavily represented, chose an identical contingent valuation for all three services. Amongst those who nominated dissimilar values, a willingness to contribute to own-sex screening coupled with an unwillingness to contribute to opposite-sex screening was more common amongst women than amongst men. Both sexes valued own-sex screening more highly than opposite-sex screening yet, compared with men, women were prepared to offer proportionately less for the latter relative to the former. In an associated person trade-off task, women were considerably less likely than men to choose opposite-sex screening at the expense of a type from which they could benefit personally. Originality/value: To date, very little research has been undertaken on differential responses to health valuation of care provision by sex. The results suggest a degree of asymmetry between the sexes, with respect to self-interest and benevolence

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Sex, benevolence and willingness to pay for screening

Whynes

Sach

2016

IJSE

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“…One explanation for this finding is that adolescent males may be more influenced by deviant peer pressure as they attempt to fit traditional images cast by gender role stereotypes that link masculinity with toughness and autonomy, as is the case for substance use and aggressive behavior (Courtenay 2000;Mahalik et al 2007). In this way, gender role stereotypes, which intensify during adolescence (Hill and Lynch 1983), may not only be descriptive of gendered behavior, but prescriptive as well (Fiske and Stevens 1993).…”

Section: Adolescent Males' Heightened Susceptibility To Deviant Peer mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The increasing salience of gender role stereotypes during adolescent development juxtaposed against socialization pressures from peers can heighten adolescents' awareness about the consequences of deviating from masculine and feminine norms for males and females, respectively. For instance, studies have shown that early adolescents perceive social status and risky, defiant behaviors to be more closely associated with male popularity and peer approval (Closson 2009;Iwamoto and Smiler 2013;Mahalik et al 2007;Rienzi et al 1996;Schulte et al 2009), and males who deviate from gender-congruent expectations experience negative social consequences, such as peer rejection (Bosson et al 2006;Mora 2012). As a result, males may feel socialization pressures to assert traditionally masculine behaviors such as rule-breaking and defiance.…”

Section: Adolescent Males' Heightened Susceptibility To Deviant Peer mentioning

confidence: 99%

Adolescent Susceptibility to Deviant Peer Pressure: Does Gender Matter?

et al. 2017

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“…The reasons for these differences may include perceptions of invulnerability and espousing the masculine 'ideals' of independence, self-reliance, stoicism, and fear of discrimination for mental or physical health problems (George & Fleming, 2004;Smith et al, 2006;White, Fawkner, & Holmes, 2006). Mahalik, Burns, and Syzdek (2007) found that men who rated themselves as having higher 'traditional masculinity' scores reported more health risk behavior and less health promotion behavior, and were less likely to consult a mental health professional if feeling sad or depressed for longer than a month, or to consult with a health care provider when having unfamiliar symptoms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Help seeking for cardiac symptoms: Beyond the masculine–feminine binary

Galdas

Johnson

Percy

et al. 2010

Social Science & Medicine

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Empirical and theoretical literature suggests that stereotypical gender roles shape men's and women's health help-seeking behavior, and plays an important role in the treatment seeking delays of cardiac patients. We were interested in exploring the ways in which gender informs the experiences and help-seeking behavior of men and women who experienced the symptoms associated with acute cardiac events. We undertook 20 in-depth interviews between October 2007 and July 2008 with 11 men and 9 women recently diagnosed with an acute coronary syndrome in British Columbia, Canada. Participants were encouraged to tell their 'story' of the event that led to hospitalization and diagnosis, with a focus on the symptoms and decision making processes that occurred before and during the activation of health services: seeking the advice of others including colleagues, family members and healthcare professionals; calling 911; and attending an emergency department. Although we anticipated that distinctive patterns of help-seeking behavior aligned with stereotypical masculine and feminine ideals might emerge from our data, this was not always the case. We found some evidence of the influence of gender role ideology on the help-seeking behavior of both male and female participants. However, men's and women's experiences of seeking health care were not easily parsed into distinct binary gender patterns. Behavior that might stereotypically be considered to be 'masculine' or 'feminine' gender practice was shared by both male and female participants. Our findings undermine simple binary distinctions about gendered help-seeking prevalent in the literature, and contribute towards setting the direction of the future health policy and research agenda addressing the issue of gender and health help-seeking behavior.

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Masculinity and perceived normative health behaviors as predictors of men's health behaviors

Cited by 488 publications

References 28 publications

Sex, benevolence and willingness to pay for screening

Sex, benevolence and willingness to pay for screening

Adolescent Susceptibility to Deviant Peer Pressure: Does Gender Matter?

Help seeking for cardiac symptoms: Beyond the masculine–feminine binary

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