Masculinization of female mosquitofish by exposure to plant sterols andMycobacterium smegmatis

Denton, T. E.; Howell, W. Mike; Allison, Jeroan J.; McCollum, J.; Marks, Bernard H.

doi:10.1007/bf01636565

Cited by 103 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Denton et aI. [22] have shown that byproduets of microbial-degraded stigmastanol and ß-sitosterol ean exert morphogenie effeets in female mosquitotish that are similar to those observed by Turner [23] and Howell et al [13] on exposure to androgens. Recently, androstenedione was identified as one of two androgenie compounds within BKMEreeeiving water fraetions eoIIeeted where a population of maseulinized mosquitofish was found [24].…”

mentioning

confidence: 57%

“…Phytosterols can be microbially transformed into C l9 steroids [21,22], and microbial removal of the aliphatic side chain of ß-sitosterol and stigmasterol transforms them into androstandienedione and androstenedione, respectively. It should be noted that in the effluent studied here, cholesterol is frequently found in similar quantities to phytosterols and thus is also a potential precursor to steroidal compounds as weil.…”

Section: In Vitra Goldfish Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, other evidence suggests that aprecursor in effluent may become transformed into a reproductively active eompound by microorganisms existing in the effluent or stream sediment [22]. Purrot!…”

Section: In Vitra Goldfish Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In vivo and in vitro assessment of the androgenic potential of a pulp and paper mill effluent

Ellis

Heuvel

Bandelj

et al. 2003

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Abstract-The androgenic potential of a New Zealand pulp and paper mill effluent was measured by applying a combinatioll of in vitro and in vivo bioassays with mosquitofish (Gambusia a!finis) and goldfish (Carassius aurarus). The in vivo method assessed the rate of gonopodial development (masculinization) and alterations from normal reproductive behavior in adult female mosqllitofish exposed for 21 d to lIntreated 01' secondary-treated pulp mill effluent. A second in vivo mosquitofish exposure tested the effect of gl ass-fiber (type C) fi Itration of secondary-treated effIlient on rates of expression of the same endpoints. Extractable organics analyses of effluents and extracts thereof were conducted. Mosqllitofish demonstrated significant masculinization on exposure to either treated 01' untreated effluent; the frequency of gonopodial development was reduced with efiluent secondary-treatment. Male mating behavior was observed in the masculinized adult females. Glass-fiber (type F) filtration of the treated effluent eliminated the masclilinizing effect, suggesting that the bioactive compounds were associated with the suspended solids. The in vitra method measlired the binding of compounds within a treated thermomechanicallbleached kraft cffluent extract to androgen receptors contained in goldfish testis cytosol. Exposure to extracts of either the particulate (glass-fiber filtered) 01' the dissolved organic fraction of the efflllent produced significant binding (as indicated by the displacement of radiolabeled testosterone) to the androgen reeeptor in goldfish gonadal tissue. Thus, the dissolved organics extract of the treated effluent contained compounds androgenic to goldfish in vitro but not to mosquitofish in vivo. The combined in vitra and in vivo data suggest that the effluent in question could exert effects on the reproductive physiology of fishes through an androgenic mechanism. The androgenic compounds androstenedione and testosterone were not detected in the extracts used far the in vitro component of this study.

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confidence: 57%

Section: In Vitra Goldfish Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In vivo and in vitro assessment of the androgenic potential of a pulp and paper mill effluent

Ellis

Heuvel

Bandelj

et al. 2003

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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“…Microbial degradation of phytosterols (e.g., β-sitosterol and stigmastanol) commonly found in paper mill effluent has induced masculinized anal fin morphology in laboratory exposures (49,58). Other components of paper mill effluent include lignans and isoflavonoids (59).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aromatase activity in the ovary and brain of the eastern mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki) exposed to paper mill effluent.

Orlando

Davis

Guillette

2002

Environ Health Perspect

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Endocrine DisruptorsStudies have shown that female mosquitofish living downstream of a paper mill located on the Fenholloway River, Florida, have masculinized secondary sex characteristics, including altered anal fin development and reproductive behavior. Masculinization can be caused by exposure to androgens in the water or from an alteration in aromatase activity in the fish. We hypothesized that aromatase activity would be inhibited by a component(s) of the paper mill effluent. Aromatase inhibition could masculinize the hormonal profile and, subsequently, secondary sex characteristics of the exposed females. Therefore, we predicted that ovarian and brain aromatase activity would be lower in the female mosquitofish from the Fenholloway River compared with the reference site, the Econfina River. Adult females were collected and standard length, body mass, anal fin length, and segment number were measured. Ovarian and brain aromatase activity were determined using a tritiated water assay.

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“…The increases of spiggin content in fish from ESC and RHO suggested that these fish were exposed to androgenic compounds. Surface water contamination by this class of endocrine disrupters is very little documented (Blankvoort et al, 2005;Soto et al, 2004) with the exception of pulp mill effluents that have an well-known masculinising effect (Cody and Bortone, 1997;Denton et al, 1985;Howell and Denton, 1989). Recently, Blankvoort et al (2005) reported contamination of European rivers by many androgens including testosterone and its metabolites, 17α-methyltestosterone or trenbolone, that were probably released in aquatic ecosystems by sewage treatment plants and industrial activities, and that could induce spiggin in female sticklebacks.…”

Section: Individual Effects In Contaminated Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomarker responses in wild three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.) as a useful tool for freshwater biomonitoring: A multiparametric approach

Sanchez

Katsiadaki

Piccini

et al. 2008

Environment International

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Masculinization of female mosquitofish by exposure to plant sterols andMycobacterium smegmatis

Cited by 103 publications

References 6 publications

In vivo and in vitro assessment of the androgenic potential of a pulp and paper mill effluent

In vivo and in vitro assessment of the androgenic potential of a pulp and paper mill effluent

Aromatase activity in the ovary and brain of the eastern mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki) exposed to paper mill effluent.

Biomarker responses in wild three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.) as a useful tool for freshwater biomonitoring: A multiparametric approach

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