Masked Phonological Priming in Reading Chinese Words Depends on the Task

Threshold-style processing of Chinese characters for adult second-language learners

“…A similar graphical facilitation had been found in Chinese native speakers by Perfetti and Tan (1998), but only at the shortest SOA (43 msec) in their study. Shen and Forster (1999) found graphical facilitation at a 50-msec SOA. It is interesting to note that Chinese native speakers did not show graphical facilitation at longer SOAs (57, 86, and 115 msec in but actually showed inhibition effects at two of them (57 and 86 msec).…”

“…Although some evidence suggests that the reading of Chinese works by a direct route to meaning (Hoosain, 1991), research now clearly supports the involvement of phonology in reading for meaning (see the review by . Phonological effects are not found as often in simple orthographic tasks that do not require reading for meaning (Shen & Forster, 1999;Zhou & Marslen-Wilson, 1996) as in semantic relation judgment and meaning categorization tasks (Chua, 1999;Perfetti & Zhang, 1995;Xu, Pollatsek, & Potter, 1999).…”

Orthographic characteristics speed Hindi word naming but slow Urdu naming: evidence from Hindi/Urdu biliterates

“…Similar results were also reported by Forster and Yoshimura (cf. Shen & Forster, 1999). Chen et al interpreted these results to mean that Japanese readers may rely more on a direct access route in processing orthographically deep Kanji, whereas words written in Kana may be accessed more via phonological assembly.…”

Doesconal prime canal more thancinal? Masked phonological priming effects in Spanish with the lexical decision task

“…Most of these reports have focused on experiments in which the prime was homophonic with the target (e.g., rait-RATE or maid-MADE), and the critical comparison was between a homophone prime (or a pseudohomophone prime) and an orthographic control condition. A homophone or pseudohomophone advantage, relative to an orthographic control, has been found in a number of lexical decision experiments in different languages (French, Ferrand & Grainger, 1992, 1994English, Lukatela &Turvey, 1990, andLukatela, Frost, &Turvey, 1998;Hebrew, Frost, Ahissar, Gottesman, & Tayeb, 2003;Dutch, Drieghe & Brysbaert, 2002), but other published reports have failed to show any signs of such an effect (e.g., Davis, Castles, & Iakovidis, 1998;Shen & Forster, 1999). It is not clear why some of the experiments failed to obtain the effect.…”

“…A growing body of evidence has accumulated in the past two decades showing that phonological information can be obtained automatically and early in the process of word recognition (for reviews, see Frost, 1998;Rayner, 1998). However, there is still an active debate as to whether phonological codes are always involved in the process of lexical access (see, e.g., Daneman & Reingold, 2000;Shen & Forster, 1999). In some models, the process of identifying visual words necessarily involves the computation of phonology (e.g., Van Orden, Pennington, & Stone, 1990), whereas in others, words can be identified via an orthographic code without necessarily resorting to the computation of phonology (e.g., the dual-route cascaded [DRC] model of Coltheart, Rastle, Perry, Langdon, & Ziegler, 2001, or the search model of Forster, 1976).…”