Masking of tones and speech by Schroeder-phase harmonic complexes in normally hearing and hearing-impaired listeners

Summers, Van; Leek, Marjorie R.

doi:10.1016/s0378-5955(98)00030-6

Cited by 58 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…HI listeners do not show evidence of these masking differences (Oxenham and Dau 2004;Summers and Leek 1998), suggesting that cochlear processing does not alter within-channel waveforms of the two Schroeder-phase waves for HI listeners. This would suggest that potential envelope cues would be reduced or absent for these listeners.…”

Section: Discrimination Of Schroeder-phase Harmonic Complexesmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Several studies have demonstrated differences in the masking effectiveness of positive-(+SCHR) and negative-phase (−SCHR) versions of Schroeder harmonic complexes in normal-hearing (NH) and hearingimpaired (HI) listeners (Carlyon and Datta 1997;Kohlrausch and Sander 1995;Lauer et al 2006;Leek et al 2000;Lentz and Leek 2001;Dau 2001, 2004;Smith et al 1986;Summers and Leek 1998). These complexes have similar envelopes and long-term frequency spectra but reversed withinperiod temporal structure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Discrimination of Time-Reversed Harmonic Complexes by Normal-Hearing and Hearing-Impaired Listeners

Lauer

Molis²,

Leek³

2009

JARO

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Normal-hearing (NH) listeners and hearing-impaired (HI) listeners detected and discriminated timereversed harmonic complexes constructed of equalamplitude harmonic components with fundamental frequencies (F0s) ranging from 50 to 800 Hz. Component starting phases were selected according to the positive and negative Schroeder-phase algorithms to produce within-period frequency sweeps with relatively flat temporal envelopes. Detection thresholds were not affected by component starting phases for either group of listeners. At presentation levels of 80 dB SPL, NH listeners could discriminate the two waveforms nearly perfectly when the F0s were less than 300-400 Hz but fell to chance performance for higher F0s. HI listeners performed significantly poorer, with reduced discrimination at several of the F0s. In contrast, at a lower presentation level meant to nearly equate sensation levels for the two groups, NH listeners' discrimination was poorer than HI listeners at most F0s. Roving presentation levels had little effect on performance by NH listeners but reduced performance by HI listeners. The differential impact of roving level suggests a weaker perception of timbre differences and a greater susceptibility to the detrimental effects of experimental uncertainty in HI listeners.

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Section: Discrimination Of Schroeder-phase Harmonic Complexesmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discrimination of Time-Reversed Harmonic Complexes by Normal-Hearing and Hearing-Impaired Listeners

Lauer

Molis²,

Leek³

2009

JARO

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“…Schroeder-phase stimuli have been used to measure sensitivity to TFS with minimal envelope cues in humans and birds (Dooling et al 2002), as maskers to explore various phenomena in normal and hearingimpaired listeners (Kohlrausch and Sander 1995;Summers and Leek 1998;Summers 2000), and as a stimulus to explore the effect of phase on basilar membrane motion and the acoustic reflex (Summers et al 2003;Kubli et al 2005). Schroeder-phase harmonic complexes also appear promising for testing acoustic TFS delivery in CI users.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discrimination of Schroeder-Phase Harmonic Complexes by Normal-Hearing and Cochlear-Implant Listeners

Drennan

Longnion

Ruffin

et al. 2007

JARO

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The temporal fine structure (TFS) of sound contributes significantly to the perception of music and speech in noise. The evaluation of new strategies to improve TFS delivery in cochlear implants (CIs) relies upon the assessment of fine structure encoding. Most modern CI sound processing schemes do not encode withinchannel TFS per se, but some TFS information is delivered through temporal envelope cues across multiple channels. Positive and negative Schroeder-phase harmonic complexes differ primarily in acoustic TFS and provide a potential test of TFS discrimination ability in CI users for current and future processing strategies. The ability to discriminate Schroeder-phase stimuli was evaluated in 24 CI users and 7 normal-hearing listeners at four fundamental frequencies: 50, 100, 200, and 400 Hz. The dependent variables were percent correct at each fundamental frequency, average score across all fundamental frequencies, and a maximum-likelihoodpredicted threshold fundamental frequency for 75% correct. CI listeners scored better than chance for all fundamental frequencies tested. The 50-Hz, average, and predicted threshold scores correlated significantly with consonant-nucleus-consonant word scores. The 200-Hz score correlated with a measure of speech perception in speech-shaped noise. Pitch-direction sensitivity is predicted jointly by the 400-Hz Schroeder score and a spectral ripple discrimination task. The results demonstrate that the Schroeder test is a potentially useful measure of clinically relevant temporal processing abilities in CI users.

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“…This results in large masking differences between the two conditions, and therefore a large phase effect. The involvement of active mechanisms in explaining the phase effect was supported by findings from several studies: It has been observed that phase effect was level dependent, being reduced at both low and very high presentation levels (Oxenham & Dau, 2004;Summers, Boer, & Nutall, 2003;Summers & Leek, 1998), as well as in the presence of cochlear damage (Gifford et al, 2008;Recio & Rhode, 2000;Summers & Leek, 1998). These are conditions at which nonlinear active gain is reduced.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…Schroeder-phase harmonic complexes (Schroeder, 1970) have been used in many psychophysical experiments to examine the phase curvature of the auditory filter at characteristic frequencies, as well as other aspects of cochlear nonlinearity (Gifford et al, 2008;Kohlrausch & Sander, 1995;Lentz & Leek, 2001;Recio & Rhode, 2000;Summers & Leek, 1998). These complexes, which have identical amplitude spectra but which differ in their phase spectra (see Figure 1), have been observed to stimulate different patterns of basilar membrane excitation (Recio & Rhode, uniform output over time, which makes them more effective maskers and results in higher masked thresholds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The development of a fast method for recording Schroeder-phase masking functions

Rahmat

O’Beirne

2015

Hearing Research

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Schroeder-phase masking complexes have been used in many psychophysical experiments to examine the phase curvature of cochlear filtering at characteristic frequencies, and other aspects of cochlear nonlinearity. In a normal nonlinear cochlea, changing the "scalar factor" of the Schroederphase masker from -1 through 0 to +1 results in a marked difference in the measured masked thresholds, whereas this difference is reduced in ears with damaged outer hair cells. Despite the valuable information it may give, one disadvantage of the Schroeder-phase masking procedure is the length of the test -using the conventional three-alternative forced-choice technique to measure a masking function takes around 45 minutes for one combination of probe frequency and intensity. As an alternative, we have developed a fast method of recording these functions which uses a Békésy tracking procedure. Testing at 500 Hz in normal hearing participants, we demonstrate that our fast method: i) shows good agreement with the conventional method; ii) shows high test-retest reliability; and iii) shortens the testing time to 8 minutes.

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Masking of tones and speech by Schroeder-phase harmonic complexes in normally hearing and hearing-impaired listeners

Cited by 58 publications

References 38 publications

Discrimination of Time-Reversed Harmonic Complexes by Normal-Hearing and Hearing-Impaired Listeners

Discrimination of Time-Reversed Harmonic Complexes by Normal-Hearing and Hearing-Impaired Listeners

Discrimination of Schroeder-Phase Harmonic Complexes by Normal-Hearing and Cochlear-Implant Listeners

The development of a fast method for recording Schroeder-phase masking functions

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