Maskless lithography of CMOS-compatible materials for hybrid plasmonic nanophotonics: aluminum nitride/aluminum oxide/aluminum waveguides

Roberts, M. Joseph; Moran, Mark B.; Johnson, Linda F.; Freeman, Will

doi:10.1117/1.jnp.12.026001

Cited by 2 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The constraints used to generate the cross-section bounds shown in Sec. V follow directly from (14) and (15) under the relaxation described in the next section. As recently noted in Refs.…”

Section: B Scattering Constraintsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[68,69,75,79], (14) and (15) contain a surprising amount of physics. Taken together, these relations give a full algebraic characterization of power conservation [75,105], with (14) representing the conservation of reactive power and (15) the conservation of real power. (The T † ss Sym [U ]T ss piece of (14) produces the difference of the magnetic and electric energies for any incident electric field [106].)…”

Section: B Scattering Constraintsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the single source problems of concern to this paper, it is simplest to work from the perspective of the image field resulting from the action of T ss on a given source |S (1) , T ss |S (1) → |T . A bound in this setting amounts to a global maximization of one of the six power transfer objectives, (3)- (8), taking |T and a known linear functional S (2) | as arguments, subject to satisfaction of (14) and (15) as applied to the source and its image. So long as the known fields are not altered at previously included locations by expanding the domain, this procedure leads to domain monotonic growth: if |S (1) and |T satisfy all constraints on some subdomain, then these same vectors will also satisfy the constraints if they are embedded (included without alteration) into a larger domain.…”

Section: Relaxations and Optimizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the further equivalence of the angular index and the radiation modes of a spherical domain, as well as relations with existing literature [68,101,107,108], we will also occasionally refer to families as channels (as a shorthand for radiation channels). The constraints C ζ and C γ are determined by applying (14) and (15) to { S (1) |, |S (1) }, and forgetting any information related to the geometry of the scatterer. O is either Asym [G 0 ], Asym [V †−1 ], or 0, depending on whether the problem is absorption/material loss, scattering/radiation or extracted power from a field.…”

Section: Relaxations and Optimizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Much of the continuing appeal and challenge of linear electromagnetics stems from the same root: given some desired objective (enhancing radiation from a quantum emitter [1][2][3][4][5], the field intensity in a photovoltaic [6][7][8], the radiative cross section of an antenna [9][10][11], etc.) subject to some practical constraints (material compatibility [12][13][14], fabrication tolerances [15][16][17], or device size [18][19][20]), there is currently no method for finding uniquely best solutions. The associated difficulties are well known [21][22][23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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GlobalToperator bounds on electromagnetic scattering: Upper bounds on far-field cross sections

Molesky

Chao

Rodríguez

2020

Phys. Rev. Research

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We present a method based on the scattering T operator, and conservation of net real and reactive power, to provide physical bounds on any electromagnetic design objective that can be framed as a net radiative emission, scattering or absorption process. Application of this approach to plane-wave scattering from an arbitrarily shaped, compact body of homogeneous electric susceptibility χ is found to predictively quantify and differentiate the relative performance of dielectric and metallic materials across all optical length scales. When the size of a device is restricted to be much smaller than the wavelength (a subwavelength cavity, antenna, nanoparticle, etc.), the maximum cross-section enhancement that may be achieved via material structuring is found to be much weaker than prior predictions: the response of strong metals (Re [χ ] 0) exhibits a diluted (homogenized) effective medium scaling ∝|χ |/ Im [χ ]; below a threshold size inversely proportional to the index of refraction (consistent with the half-wavelength resonance condition), the maximum cross-section enhancement possible with dielectrics (Re [χ ] > 0) shows the same material dependence as Rayleigh scattering. In the limit of a bounding volume much larger than the wavelength in all dimensions, achievable scattering interactions asymptote to the geometric area, as predicted by ray optics. For representative metal and dielectric materials, geometries capable of scattering power from an incident plane wave within an order of magnitude (typically a factor of two) of the bound are discovered by inverse design. The basis of the method rests entirely on scattering theory and can thus likely be applied to acoustics, quantum mechanics, and other wave physics.

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“…The constraints used to generate the cross-section bounds shown in Sec. V follow directly from (14) and (15) under the relaxation described in the next section. As recently noted in Refs.…”

Section: B Scattering Constraintsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: B Scattering Constraintsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Relaxations and Optimizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Relaxations and Optimizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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GlobalToperator bounds on electromagnetic scattering: Upper bounds on far-field cross sections

Molesky

Chao

Rodríguez

2020

Phys. Rev. Research

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Global $\mathbb{T}$ operator bounds on electromagnetic scattering: Upper bounds on far-field cross sections

Molesky,

Chao,

Jin

et al. 2020

Preprint

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We present a framework based on the scattering T operator as well as real and reactive powerconservation constraints to derive physical bounds on any single material electromagnetic design problem that can be framed as a net power emission, scattering or absorption process. Application of the technique to planewave scattering from arbitrary objects bounded by a spherical domain is found to predictively quantify and differentiate the relative performance of dielectric and metallic materials for all system scales. When the size of a potential device is restricted to be much smaller than the wavelength, the maximum cross section enhancement that can be achieved with strong metals (electric susceptibility Re [χ] 0) exhibits a diluted (homogenized) effective medium scaling ∝ |χ| / Im [χ]. Below a threshold size inversely proportional to the index of refraction, the maximum cross section enhancement possible with dielectrics (Re [χ] > 0) shows the same material dependence as Rayleigh scattering. In the limit of a bounding volume much larger than the wavelength in all dimensions, achievable scattering interactions asymptote to the geometric area, as predicted by ray optics. The basis of the method rests entirely on scattering theory, and can thus likely be applied to acoustics, quantum mechanics, and other wave physics.

show abstract

Maskless lithography of CMOS-compatible materials for hybrid plasmonic nanophotonics: aluminum nitride/aluminum oxide/aluminum waveguides

Cited by 2 publications

References 23 publications

GlobalToperator bounds on electromagnetic scattering: Upper bounds on far-field cross sections

GlobalToperator bounds on electromagnetic scattering: Upper bounds on far-field cross sections

Global $\mathbb{T}$ operator bounds on electromagnetic scattering: Upper bounds on far-field cross sections

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