Maslow and Miller: An Exploration of Gender and Affiliation in the Journey to Competence

Coy, Doris Rhea; Kovacs-Long, Judith

doi:10.1002/j.1556-6678.2005.tb00590.x

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The notion of "connectedness," an essential consideration in RCT, is embedded in traditional and contemporary counseling scholarship (Coy & Kovacs-Long, 2005;Townsend & McWhirter, 2005). Historically speaking, the importance of connectedness in fostering psychological development and emotional well-being is reflected in the writings of Alfred Adler and other individual psychology theorists.…”

Section: Rct Complements Contemporary and Traditional Approaches To Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Over time, such concepts have consistently been muted by many other counseling theorists who overemphasized therapeutic and developmental goals that are culturally and gender biased. This includes efforts to promote clients' "autonomy," "self-realization," "self-actualization," and "personal mastery" in counseling (Coy & Kovacs-Long, 2005;Ivey et al, 2007). Despite this trend, Coy and Kovacs-Long advocated for the use of RCT concepts by recognizing that mental health professionals should include the ability to affiliate and connect with others in mutually empathic and empowering ways as an indicator of emotional maturity and psychological well-being.…”

Section: Relational-cultural Theory: a Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relational‐Cultural Theory: A Framework for Bridging Relational, Multicultural, and Social Justice Competencies

Comstock

Hammer

Strentzsch

et al. 2008

Jour of Counseling & Develop

281

245

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Relational-cultural theory (RCT) was conceived after the publication of Jean Baker Miller's (1976) Toward a New Psychology of Women, a groundbreaking book that has been translated into more than 20 languages. The ideas in Miller's book emerged from her clinical practice with women in which she noted that the centrality of relationships in her clients' lives was inconsistent with the traditional theories of counseling and human development she had been taught in medical school. According to Miller and other feminist theorists of the time, these traditional theoretical models emphasize individuation, separation, and autonomy as markers of emotional maturity and psychological health.Miller (1976), like other multicultural and feminist theorists, suggested that a lack of understanding of the contextual and relational experiences of women, people of color, and marginalized men led many mental health professionals to pathologize these individuals by misunderstanding and devaluing how these important factors contribute to the psychological well-being of all people (Robb, 2006). Consequently, RCT complements the multicultural/social justice movement by (a) identifying how contextual and sociocultural challenges impede individuals' ability to create, sustain, and participate in growth-fostering relationships in therapy and life and (b) illuminating the complexities of human development by offering an expansive examination of the development of relational competencies over the life span. Challenges to developing such relational competencies in today's socially stratified and oppressive culture are highlighted throughout this article.Over the past 3.5 decades, Miller (1976) and other multicultural, feminist, and social justice advocates and theorists (Daniels, 2007; Ivey, D'Andrea, Ivey, & Simek-Morgan, 2007) have noted how traditional theories of counseling and development are built on the ideology of Western individualism that includes "hyper-competitiveness and deterministic control" (Walker, 2003, p. 1). Such an ideology is based, in part, on the myths of "mastery," "self-sufficiency," and the idea "that people assume their places in the existing societal hierarchy by virtue of merit" (Jordan, 1999, p. 3).RCT further complements the multicultural/social justice movement by serving as an alternative theoretical framework from which mental health professionals can explore how issues related to sex role socialization, power, dominance, marginalization, and subordination affect the mental health and relational development of all people. The goal of this article is to demonstrate how RCT complements the process of multicultural/social justice counseling competency development by providing an additional theoretical framework that supports the fourth force in counseling and psychology. Core Tenets and Assumptions of RCTRCT is a comprehensive theory of counseling and development that emerged from the notion that traditional models of human development and psychotherapy do not accurately address the relational experiences of w...

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Section: Rct Complements Contemporary and Traditional Approaches To Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Relational-cultural Theory: a Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relational‐Cultural Theory: A Framework for Bridging Relational, Multicultural, and Social Justice Competencies

Comstock

Hammer

Strentzsch

et al. 2008

Jour of Counseling & Develop

281

245

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Maslow's theory posits that an individual will satisfy basic-level needs before modifying behaviour to higher-level needs, i.e., from physiological, safety and security to belonging (social needs), selfesteem, self-actualisation and transcendent needs (Urwiler and Frolick, 2008). Th is approach to the theory of needs gained both its adherents (Urwiler and Frolick, 2008;Rosenbaum and Messiah, 2007;Koltko-Rivera, 2006;Coy and Kovacs-Long, 2005) and opponents (Yang, 2003;Wahba and Bridwell, 1976;Payne, 1970;Alderfer, 1969). Some researchers created an interesting concept, according to which it is possible to aggregate all the needs into three main categories, i.e., basic needs, social needs and altruistic needs (Cao et al, 2012;Radic, 2011).…”

Section: And Reduced Riskmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Appreciate me and i will be your good soldier”. The exploration of antecedents to consumer citizenship

Dewalska–Opitek

Mitręga

2019

Engineering Management in Production and Services

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Customer citizenship behaviour (CCB) is an important consumer trend observed in the contemporary market. It may be described as an extra-role, voluntary behaviour performed in favour of other customers or companies. One of the CCB dimensions, namely, providing customer feedback to company offering, overlaps with value co-creation as a booming marketing concept. Our knowledge about factors determining this behaviour is relatively week. Trying to fill the gap, this paper discusses inclination for value co-creation among customers on the basis of literature review and explorative research. This explorative study aims to identify some company-related and customer-related antecedents to customer citizenship behaviour in the form of value co-creation in favour of companies. The theoretical deliberation is based on a critical literature review. The empirical part of the paper is based on explorative research in the form of a survey of 105 non-randomly selected customers. Aiming to identify the key drivers for customer inclination to participate in value co-creation, the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted; next, the quality of factor structure was assessed with the help of SmartPLS 3.0 using standard measures of validity; and finally, structural links between the inclination to co-create and distinct antecedents were estimated using the partial least square structural equitation modelling technique (PLS_SEM). The factor analysis suggested distinguishing two aspects of customer co-creation, i.e., either initiated by companies (Organised Co-Creation) or by customers (Spontaneous Co-creation). The estimated PLS structural model shows that only some casual paths were found statistically significant, i.e., the appreciation showed by companies towards customers engaging in the organised co-creation process (as extrinsic motivation) and customer innovativeness, as well as the fulfilment of the need for stability (as intrinsic motivation) with regards to spontaneous co-creation. The ex-post moderation analysis with the help of the PLS_MGA algorithm enabled to identify gender as the factor potentially explaining inter-group differences in the structural model.

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“…129) . This willingness to accept and work with dichotomies seems to fit with what Maslow (1962) has described as self-actualization (Coy & Kovacs-Long, 2005) . Having vision means being able to work with both probabilities and possibilities (Pryor et al ., 2008) .…”

Section: Avoiding Mole-d (Vision)mentioning

confidence: 99%

mold, mould, mole‐d: the three m's of career development

Amundson

2008

Journal of Employment Couns

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The author explores a creative idea development process wherein one begins by applying the image of "breaking the mold" to career development and then extending the process further by considering other related images. In this article, the related images include synonyms for mold such as mould and mole-d (the mole is a small burrowing animal with limited vision). Together, these images reflect current career development issues, such as the need for flexibility, health, and vision (sight and insight). These concepts have both practical and theoretical relevance for employment counselors.As the 21st century advances, there is little doubt that the career development field is undergoing dramatic changes . These changes are primarily the result of factors such as increasing globalization, advances in technology and information, and significant demographic shifts (Homer-Dixon, 2006) . Feller (2003) has made the case that given the current scenario, there is a need to align school counseling, the changing workplace, and career development assumptions .The challenge in mapping out this new landscape is finding the right set of tools to elaborate the new reality . Although a number of authors have made long lists of needed changes, there is also a need to structure information in such a way that it is more readily accessible . Gladwell (2000) referred to the importance of "stickiness" in helping people to take in new information (p . 89) . In other words, how should information be packaged so that it is understandable and memorable?Using metaphors is one way of helping to create a greater likelihood of stickiness (Amundson, 2005) . Metaphors also open up the possibility of an individual acquiring new insights by shifting perspectives . Through metophoric imagery, people create a shared language that allows for better communication (Wickman, Daniels, White, & Fesmire, 1999) . Metaphors help to open up possibilities, highlight experiences, and provide coherence and meaning for experience (Pistole, 2003) .In choosing a metaphoric lens for this process, I began with the concept of breaking down rigidity and embracing a more flexible and uncertain process . To capture this shift metaphorically, I focused on the phrase "breaking the mold ." From this

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Maslow and Miller: An Exploration of Gender and Affiliation in the Journey to Competence

Cited by 12 publications

References 10 publications

Relational‐Cultural Theory: A Framework for Bridging Relational, Multicultural, and Social Justice Competencies

Relational‐Cultural Theory: A Framework for Bridging Relational, Multicultural, and Social Justice Competencies

“Appreciate me and i will be your good soldier”. The exploration of antecedents to consumer citizenship

mold, mould, mole‐d: the three m's of career development

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